旋复花（三钱包煎） 吴茱萸（一分拌炒） 小川连（六分） 制香附（二钱） 代赭石（三钱拌） 仙
半夏（钱半） 新会皮（钱半） 沉香汁（二匙冲）
先用鲜刮淡竹茹四钱。鲜枇杷叶一两（去毛净剪去大筋）。煎汤代水。
【秀按】肝性刚而善怒。轻则嗳气胸痞。重则呃逆胃胀。皆有肝气横逆也。故以旋、赭重降气逆为君。臣以
茱、连、橘、半、苦辛通降。以清肝和胃。沉香、香附、辛香流气。以疏肝平逆。妙在佐以竹茹。肝气中结者
使之旁达。使以杷叶。肝气上逆者使之清降。此为清肝降逆。佐金制木之良方。然惟初病在气。气盛而血尚不
亏。脉弦苔腻者。始为相宜。呃逆甚者。加公丁香九支。柿蒂三十个。辛通苦涩以止呃。痞胀甚者。加真川朴
钱半。槟榔汁两匙（冲）。辛开重降以宽胀。因于食滞者。加莱菔子钱半拌炒春砂仁八分。消食和气以导滞。
因于便秘者。加苏子钱半拌捣郁李净仁四钱。辛滑流气以通便。
连茹绛复汤 清通肝络法 俞氏经验从仲景方加味
小川连（四分醋炒） 真新绛（钱半） 玫瑰瓣（三朵拌炒） 丝瓜络（三钱） 淡竹茹（三钱） 旋复花（
三钱包煎） 青葱管（三寸） 广郁金汁（四匙冲）
【秀按】肝病初虽在气。久必入络。症多筋脉拘孪。胸胁串疼。脉弦而涩者。皆由肝络血郁不舒也。络郁则
化火而横窜。故以连茹绛复。清通肝络为君。臣以玫瓣拌炒瓜络。辛香酸泄以活络。佐以郁金活血疏郁。使以
葱管宣气通络。此为清通肝络。行血止疼之良方。火盛痛甚者。加蜜炙延胡钱半。醋炒川楝子钱半。酸苦泄
肝。以清火而止疼。瘀结痛剧者。加光桃仁二十粒。杜红花八分。紫金片三分（开水烊冲）。肠燥便秘者。加元
明粉三钱。净白蜜一两。煎汤代水。甘咸润燥以通便。血枯液结者。加鲜生地六钱。归身二钱。原麦冬三钱。
南沙参三钱。甘润增液以滋血。
龙胆泻肝汤 凉泻肝火法 俞氏经验 载《和剂局方》
龙胆草（一钱） 生山栀（三钱） 鲜生地（五钱） 川柴胡（五分） 青子芩（二钱） 细木通
（八分） 生甘梢（八分） 归须（一钱） 车前子（二钱炒） 泽泻（钱半）
【秀按】肝为风木之脏。内寄胆府相火。凡肝气有余。发生胆火者。症多口苦胁痛。耳聋耳肿。阴湿阴痒。
溺血赤淋。甚则筋痿阴痛。故以胆、通、栀、芩、纯苦泻肝为君。然火旺者阴必虚。故又臣以鲜地、生甘。甘
凉润燥。救肝阴以缓肝急。妙在佐以柴胡轻清疏气。归须辛润舒络。使以泽泻、车前、咸润达下。引肝胆实火
从小便而去。此为凉肝泻火。导赤救阴之良方。然惟肝胆实火炽盛。阴液未涸。脉弦数。舌紫赤苔黄腻者。始
为恰合。
羚角钩藤汤 凉熄肝风法 俞氏经验方
羚角片（钱半先煎） 霜桑叶（二钱） 京川贝（四钱去心） 鲜生地（五钱） 双钩藤（三钱后入） 滁菊
花（三钱） 茯神木（三钱） 生白芍（三钱） 生甘草（八分） 淡竹茹（五钱鲜刮与羚角先煎代水）
【秀按】肝藏血而主筋。凡肝风上翔。症必头晕胀痛。耳鸣心悸。手足躁扰。甚则螈 。狂乱痉厥。与夫孕
妇子痫。产后惊风。病皆危险。故以羚、藤、桑、菊、熄风定痉为君。臣以川贝善治风痉。茯神木专平肝风。
但火旺生风。风助火势。最易劫伤血液。尤必佐以芍、甘、鲜、地、酸甘化阴。滋血液以缓肝急。使以竹茹。
不过以竹之脉络通人之脉络耳。此为凉肝熄风。增液舒筋之良方。然惟便通者。但用甘咸静镇。酸泄清通。始
能奏效。若便闭者。必须犀连承气。急泻肝火以熄风。庶可救危于俄顷。
连梅安蛔汤 清肝安蛔法 俞氏经验方
胡连（一钱） 炒川椒（十粒） 白雷丸（三钱） 乌梅肉（两朵） 生川柏（八分） 尖槟榔（二枚磨汁冲）
【秀按】肝火入胃。胃热如沸。饥不欲食。食则吐蛔。甚则蛔动不安。脘痛烦躁。昏乱欲死者。此为蛔厥。
故以连、柏、椒、梅之苦辛酸法。泻肝救胃为君。佐以雷丸、槟榔专治蛔厥。使蛔静伏而不敢蠕动。或竟使蛔
从大便泻出。此为清肝安蛔。止痛定厥之良方。
芩连二陈汤 清肝和胃法 俞氏经验方
青子芩（二钱） 仙半夏（钱半） 淡竹茹（二钱） 赤茯苓（三钱） 小川连（八分） 新会皮（钱半）
小枳实（钱半） 碧玉散（三钱包煎） 生姜汁（二滴） 淡竹沥（两瓢和匀同冲）
【秀按】肝阳犯胃。症多火动痰升。或吐粘涎。或呕酸汁。或吐苦水。或饥不欲食。食即胃满不舒。甚则胀
痛。或嘈杂心烦。故以芩、连、橘、半、苦降辛通。调和肝胃为君。臣以竹茹、枳实、通络降气。佐以赤苓、
碧玉。使胃中积聚之浊饮。从小便而泄。使以姜、沥二汁。辛润涤痰。以复其条畅之性。此为清肝和胃。蠲痰
泄饮之良方。
加味白头翁汤 清肝坚肠法 俞氏经验方
白头翁（三钱） 生川柏（五分） 青子芩（二钱） 鲜贯仲（五钱） 小川连（八分醋炒） 北秦皮（
八分醋炒） 生白芍（三钱） 鲜茉莉花（十朵冲）
【秀按】厥阴热痢。赤痢居多。虽属小肠。而内关肝脏。故以仲景白头翁汤。疏肝达郁。纯苦坚肠为君。臣
以芩、芍、酸苦泄肝。佐以鲜贯仲洗涤肠中垢腻。使从大便而泄。乃痢者利也之意。使以茉莉清芬疏气。助白
头翁轻清升达之力。此为清肝坚肠。泄热止痢之良方。
香连治中汤 清肝健脾法 俞氏经验方
广木香（八分） 潞党参（二钱米炒） 黑炮姜（三分） 炒广皮（一钱） 小川连（六分醋炒） 生冬术（
钱半） 清炙草（五分） 小青皮（六分）
【秀按】内经谓肝与大肠通。凡大便飧泄。肠鸣腹痛。欲泄而不得畅泄。即泄亦里急气坠。脉左弦右弱者。
虽多由肝气下逼而致。然脾阳每因泄而衰。故以香、连、调气浓肠为君。即臣以参、术、姜、甘、温运脾阳。
佐以广皮调气和中。使以青皮泄肝宽肠。此为清肝健脾。和中止泻之良方。
龟柏地黄汤 清肝益肾法 俞氏经验方
生龟板（四钱杵） 生白芍（三钱） 砂仁（三分拌捣大熟地，五钱） 生川柏（六分醋炒） 粉丹皮（钱半）
萸肉（一钱） 淮山药（三钱杵） 辰伏神（三钱） 青盐陈皮（八分）
【秀按】肝阳有余者。必须介类以潜之。酸苦以泄之。故以龟板、醋柏。介潜酸泄为君。阳盛者阴必亏。肝
阴不足者。必得肾水以滋之。辛凉以疏之。故臣以熟地、萸肉、酸甘化阴。丹、芍、辛润疏肝。一则滋其络血
之枯。则阳亢者渐伏。一则遂其条畅之性。则络郁者亦舒。但肝强者脾必弱。肾亏者心多虚。故又佐以山药培
补脾阴。茯神交心肾。使以青盐陈皮咸降辛润。疏畅胃气以运药。此为清肝益肾。潜阳育阴之良方。此惟胃
气尚强。能运药力者。始为相宜。若胃气已弱者。必先养胃健中。复其胃气为首要。此方亦勿轻投。
桑丹泻白汤 清肝保肺法 俞氏经验方
霜桑叶（三钱） 生桑皮（四钱） 淡竹茹（二钱） 清炙草（六分） 粉丹皮（钱半醋炒） 地骨皮（五钱）
川贝母（三钱去心） 生粳米（三钱） 金橘 （一枚切碎） 大蜜枣（一枚对劈）
【秀按】肝火烁肺。咳则胁痛。不能转侧。甚则咳血。或痰中夹有血丝血珠。最易酿成肺痨。名曰木扣金
鸣。故以桑、丹、辛凉泄肝为君。臣以桑皮、地骨。泻肺中之伏火。竹茹、川贝。涤肺中之粘痰。佐以炙草、
粳米。温润甘淡。缓肝急以和胃气。使以橘、枣、微辛甘润。畅肺气以养肺液、此为清肝保肺。蠲痰调中之良
方。然惟火郁生热。液郁为痰。因而治节不行。上壅为咳喘肿满者。始为相宜。若由风寒而致者切忌。误服多成痨嗽。
新加玉女煎 清肝镇冲法 俞氏经验方 从景岳方加味
生石膏（六钱研） 紫石英（四钱研） 淮牛膝（钱半） 大熟地（六钱切丝） 灵磁石（四钱研） 东白薇
（四钱） 石决明（五钱杵） 原麦冬（三钱朱染） 知母（二钱秋石一分化水炒） 青盐陈皮（一钱）
先用熟地丝泡取清汤。先煎三石。百余沸。代水煎药。
【秀按】冲为血室。上属阳明胃府。下隶厥阴肝脏。平人则胃府化汁变血。从肝络下输冲脉。若肝挟胆火化
风上翔。则冲气上而冲心。心中痛热。甚则为气咳。为呃逆。为晕厥。故名冲咳冲呃冲厥。多是冲阳从中直
上。成此亢逆之各证。故以三石、白薇、镇逆纳冲为君。臣以牛膝、决明、降逆气而潜肝阳。麦冬、熟地、养
胃液以滋肾阴。佐以秋石水炒知母咸苦达下，使以青盐陈皮辛润疏中。此为清肝镇冲。育阴潜阳之良方。
滋任益阴煎 清肝滋任法 俞氏经验 从补阴丸封髓丹配合
炙龟板（四钱杵） 春砂仁（三分拌捣） 大熟地（四钱） 猪脊髓（一条洗切） 生川柏（六分蜜
炙） 白知母（二钱盐水炒） 炙甘草（六分） 白果（十粒盐炒）
【秀按】任隶于肾。主精室。亦主胞胎。凡肝阳下逼任脉。男子遗精。妇女带多。以及胎漏小产等症。虽多
属任阴不固。实由于冲阳不潜。故以龟板滋潜肝阳。熟地滋养任阴为君。臣以知、柏、直清肝肾。治冲任之源
以封髓。佐以脊髓、炙草、填髓和中。使以白果敛精止带。此为清肝滋任。封固精髓之良方。
新加白虎汤 清肝胃辛凉心肺法 俞氏经验 从仲景方加减
苏薄荷（五分拌研生石膏，八钱） 鲜荷叶（一角包） 陈仓米（三钱） 白知母（四钱） 益元散（三钱
包煎） 鲜竹叶（三十片） 嫩桑枝（二尺切寸）
先用活水芦笋（二两） 灯心（五分同石膏粉先煎代水）
【秀按】胃为十二经之海。邪热传入胃经。外而肌腠。内而肝胆。上则心肺。下则小肠膀胱。无不受其蒸
灼。是以热汗烦渴。皮肤隐隐见疹。溺短赤热。甚则咳血昏狂。但尚为散漫之浮热。未曾结实。邪既离表。不
可再汗。邪未入腑。不可早下。故以白虎汤法辛凉泄热。甘寒救液为君。外清肌腠。内清腑脏。臣以芦笋化燥
金之气。透疹 而外泄。益元通燥金之郁。利小便而下泄。佐以竹叶、桑枝、通气泄热。使以荷叶、陈米、清
热和胃。妙在石膏配薄荷拌研。既有分解热郁之功。又无凉遏冰伏之弊。较长沙原方尤为灵活。此为辛凉甘
寒。清解表里三焦之良方。如疹 不得速透者。加蝉衣九只。皂角刺四分。有 者。加鲜西河柳叶三钱。（廉
勘∶西河柳清轻走络。性虽温发。加入清凉剂中。不厌其温。只见其发。勿拘执鞠通之说可也。）大青叶四钱。
昏狂甚重者。加《局方》紫雪五分。药汤调服。口澡渴甚者。加花粉三钱。悉尼汁一杯冲。西瓜汁尤良。有痰甚粘
者。加淡竹沥一钟。生姜汁一滴和匀同冲。血溢者。加鲜刮淡竹茹四钱。鲜茅根八钱去皮。清童便一杯冲。
【荣斋按】程钟龄说∶“清者，清其热也。脏腑有热，则清之。《经》云∶‘热者寒之’是已。然有当清
不清误人者？有不当清而清误人者，有当清而清之不分内伤外感以误人者，有当清而清之不量其人、不量其症以误人
者，是不可不察也。夫六淫之邪，除中寒寒湿外，皆不免于病热；热气薰蒸，或见于口舌唇齿之间，或见于口
渴便溺之际，灼知其热而不清，则斑黄狂乱，厥逆吐衄，诸症丛生，不一而足，此当清不清之误也。然又有不
当清而清者何也？有如劳力辛苦之人，中气大虚，发热倦怠，心烦溺赤，名曰虚火，盖春生之令不行，无阳以
护其荣卫，与外感热症，相隔霄壤；又有阴虚劳瘵之症，日晡潮热，及产后血虚，发热烦躁，症象白虎，误服
白虎者难救；更有命门火衰，浮阳上泛，有似于火者，又有阴盛格阳假热之症，其人面赤狂躁，欲坐卧泥水之
中，数日不大便，或舌黑而润，或脉反洪大，峥峥然鼓击于指下，按之豁然而空者，或口渴，欲得冷冻饮料而不能
下，或因下元虚冷，频饮热汤以自救，世俗不识，误投凉药，下咽即危矣，此不当清而清之误也。然又有清之
而不分内伤外感者何也？盖风寒闭火，则散而清之，《经》云∶‘火郁发之’是也；暑热伤气，刚补而清之，东垣清
暑益气汤是也；湿热之火，则或散或渗或下而清之，开鬼门，洁净府，除陈 是也；燥热之火，则润而清之，
通大便也；伤食积热，则消而清之，食去火自平也；惟夫伤寒传入胃腑，热势如蒸，自汗口渴，饮冷而能消水
者。藉非白虎汤之类。鲜克有济也，更有阳盛拒阴之症，清药不入，到口随吐，则以姜汁些少为引，或姜制黄
连，反佐以取之，所谓寒因热用是也，此外感实火之清法也。若夫七情气结，喜怒忧思悲恐惊，互相感触，火
从内发，丹溪治以越鞠丸，开火郁也；立斋主以逍遥散，调肝气也；至若真阴不足而火上炎者，壮水之主以镇
阳光，真阳不足而火上炎者，引火归原以导龙入海，此内伤虚火之治法也。盖外感之火，以清为清，内伤之
火，以补为清也。然又有清之而不量其人者何也？夫以壮实之人，而患实热之病，清之稍重，尚为无碍，若本
Flos Inulae (San Qian, wrapped and decocted) Fructus Evodiae (Yi Fen, stir-fried with other herbs) Radix Coptidis (Liu Fen) Rhizoma Cyperi Preparatum (Er Qian) Os Draconis Preparatum (San Qian, mixed) Pinelliae Tuber Preparatum (Qian Ban Shi) Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Qian Ban Shi) Aromatic Water Calamus Juice (Liang Chi, dissolved in decoction)
First, decoct four Qian of fresh-scraped Bambusae Latex (Dan Zhu Ru). Decoct one Liang of fresh Loquat Leaf (Xin Pi Pa Ye) (dehired, cleaned, large veins removed) to replace water.
[Commentary by Xiu] The Liver is inherently rigid and prone to anger. Mild cases manifest as belching and chest stuffiness; severe cases manifest as hiccups and stomach distension. All are due to the horizontal rebellion of Liver Qi. Therefore, Flos Inulae (Xuan Fu Hua) and Os Draconis Preparatum (Dai Zhe Shi) are used as Sovereign herbs to heavily descend rebellious Qi. Ministers include Fructus Evodiae (Wu Zhu Yu), Radix Coptidis (Chuan Lian Zi), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chen Pi), and Pinelliae Tuber Preparatum (Ban Xia), employing bitter-pungent descending methods to clear the Liver and harmonize the Stomach. Aromatic Water Calamus (Chen Xiang) and Rhizoma Cyperi Preparatum (Xiang Fu) use pungent-aromatic properties to circulate Qi, soothing the Liver and calming rebellion. Ingeniously, Bambusae Latex (Zhu Ru) is added as an Assistant to allow constrained Liver Qi to disperse laterally; Loquat Leaf (Pi Pa Ye) is used as an Envoy to clear and descend rebellious Liver Qi. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver and descending rebellion, assisting Metal to control Wood. However, it is only suitable for early-stage diseases affecting the Qi level, where Qi is abundant but Blood is not yet deficient, presenting with a wiry pulse and greasy coating. For severe hiccups, add nine stalks of Caryophylli Flos (Gong Ding Xiang) and thirty persimmon calyxes (Shi Di), using pungent-descending and bitter-astringent properties to stop hiccups. For severe chest/stomach distension, add one and a half Qian of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Hou Po) and two Chi of Arecae Semen juice (Bing Lang Zhi), using pungent-opening and heavy-descending properties to relieve distension. For food stagnation, add one and a half Qian of Raphani Semen (Lai Fu Zi) stir-fried with eight Fen of Amomi Fructus (Sha Ren) to digest food, harmonize Qi, and guide out stagnation. For constipation, add one and a half Qian of Susci Fructus (Su Zi) mixed with four Qian of Prunus Armeniaca Var. Ansii Semen (Yu Li Ren) to lubricate intestines and unblock bowels via pungent-slippery Qi circulation.
Lian Ru Jiang Fu Tang [Clear and Unblock Liver Collaterals Method] Yu's empirical formula, modified from Zhang Zhongjing's formulas.
Radix Coptidis (Si Fen, vinegar-fried) Xinjiang Silk Dye (Qian Ban Shi) Rosa Rugosa Petal (San Duo, stir-fried mixed) Luffa Sponge Fiber (San Qian) Bambusae Latex (San Qian) Flos Inulae (San Qian, wrapped and decocted) Green Onion Tube (San Cun) Curcumae Radix Juice (Guang Yu Jin Zhi) (Si Chi, dissolved in decoction)
[Commentary by Xiu] Liver diseases initially affect Qi, but long-term involvement enters the collaterals. Symptoms often include tendon spasms, wandering pain in the chest and hypochondrium, and a wiry, choppy pulse, all caused by blood stasis and constraint in the Liver collaterals. Collateral constraint generates fire that spreads horizontally. Thus, Lian Ru Jiang Fu Tang is used as Sovereign to clear and unblock Liver collaterals. Ministers include Rosa Rugosa Petals stir-fried with Luffa Sponge Fiber, using pungent-aromatic and sour-draining properties to invigorate collaterals. Assistant includes Curcumae Radix (Yu Jin) to activate blood and relieve constraint. Envoy includes Green Onion Tubes (Cong Guan) to promote Qi flow and unblock collaterals. This is an excellent formula for clearing and unblocking Liver collaterals, moving blood, and stopping pain. For severe pain due to excess fire, add one and a half Qian of Honey-fried Corydalis Rhizome (Yan Hu Suo) and one and a half Qian of Vinegar-fried Toosendan Fruit (Chuan Liu Zi) to drain the Liver with sour-bitter properties, clearing fire and stopping pain. For severe pain due to blood stasis, add twenty seeds of Persicae Semen (Tao Ren), eight Fen of Carthami Flos (Hong Hua), and three Fen of Zijin Pian (dissolved in hot water) to break stasis. For dry intestine constipation, add three Qian of Natrii Sulfas (Yuan Ming Fen) and one Liang of purified Honey (Bai Mi), decocted in water to replace drinking water, using sweet-salty moistening properties to unblock bowels. For blood deficiency and fluid binding, add six Qian of Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Sheng Di Huang), two Qian of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Gui Shen), three Qian of Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Dong), and three Qian of Adenophorae Radix (Nan Sha Shen) to nourish blood with sweet-moistening fluids.
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang [Cool and Drain Liver Fire Method] Yu's empirical formula, recorded in *He Ji Ju Fang*.
Radix Gentianae (Yi Qian) Gardeniae Fructus (San Qian) Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Wu Qian) Bupleuri Radix (Wu Fen) Scutellariae Radix (Qian Er Qian) Akebia Caulis (Ba Fen) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Ba Fen) Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Gui Xu) (Yi Qian) Plantaginis Semen (Er Qian, fried) Alismatis Rhizoma (Qian Ban Shi)
[Commentary by Xiu] The Liver is the organ of Wind and Wood, housing the Ministerial Fire of the Gallbladder. When Liver Qi is excessive, triggering Gallbladder Fire, symptoms often include bitter taste, hypochondriac pain, deafness, ear swelling, genital dampness/itching, hematuria, painful dysuria, and even flaccidity of tendons or genital pain. Thus, Radix Gentianae (Long Dan Cao), Akebia Caulis (Mu Tong), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhi Zi), and Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin) are used as Sovereign herbs, employing pure bitter properties to drain the Liver. However, when fire is excessive, Yin must be deficient. Therefore, Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Sheng Di Huang) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Sheng Gan Cao) are added as Ministers, using sweet-cool properties to moisten dryness, rescue Liver Yin, and relax Liver tension. Ingeniously, Bupleuri Radix (Chai Hu) is used as Assistant to lightly clear and circulate Qi, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Gui Xu) to moisten and soothe collaterals with pungent-warm properties. Envoy includes Alismatis Rhizoma (Ze Xie) and Plantaginis Semen (Che Qian Zi), using salty-moistening properties to reach the lower jiao, guiding excess Liver/Gallbladder fire out through urination. This is an excellent formula for cooling the Liver, draining fire, guiding redness, and saving Yin. It is strictly indicated for excess heat-fire in the Liver/Gallbladder with intact Yin fluids, presenting with a wiry-rapid pulse, purple-red tongue, and yellow-greasy coating.
Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang [Cool and Extinguish Liver Wind Method] Yu's empirical formula.
Antelope Horn Slice (Qian Ban Shi, decocted first) Mori Folium (Er Qian) Fritillariae Bulbus (Si Qian, heart removed) Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Wu Qian) Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (San Qian, added late) Chrysanthemi Flos (San Qian) Poria Cum Pinus (San Qian) Paeoniae Radix Alba (San Qian) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Ba Fen) Bambusae Latex (Wu Qian, fresh-scraped, decocted first with Antelope Horn to replace water)
[Commentary by Xiu] The Liver stores Blood and governs the tendons. When Liver Wind rises upward, symptoms inevitably include dizziness, head distension/pain, tinnitus, palpitations, restlessness of hands and feet, and even convulsions, spasms, mania, or coma. This also applies to eclampsia in pregnant women and convulsions postpartum, all dangerous conditions. Thus, Antelope Horn (Ling Yang Jiao), Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (Gou Teng), Mori Folium (Sang Ye), and Chrysanthemi Flos (Ju Hua) are used as Sovereign herbs to cool and extinguish wind, stabilizing spasms. Ministers include Fritillariae Bulbus (Chuan Bei Mu) for treating wind-spasms, and Poria Cum Pinus (Fu Shen Mu) specifically for calming Liver Wind. Since fire generates wind, and wind fuels fire, easily depleting blood, it is essential to add Paeoniae Radix Alba (Bai Shao) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao), along with Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Sheng Di Huang), using sour-sweet transformation to generate Yin, nourishing blood to relax Liver tension. Envoy includes Bambusae Latex (Zhu Ru), utilizing the bamboo's vascular structure to connect with human meridians. This is an excellent formula for cooling the Liver, extinguishing wind, increasing fluids, and relaxing tendons. It is effective only when bowel movements are regular, using sweet-salty tranquilizing and sour-clearing methods. If constipated, Xi Jiao Da Huang Cheng Qi Tang must be used urgently to drain Liver fire and extinguish wind to save life.
Lian Mei An Hui Tang [Clear Liver and Pacify Roundworms Method] Yu's empirical formula.
Coptidis Rhizoma (Hu Lian) (Yi Qian) Zanthoxyli Pericarpium (Chuan Jiao) (Ten grains) Polyporus (Lei Wan) (San Qian) Pruni Mume Fructus (Wu Mei Rou) (Two pieces) Phellodendri Cortex (Chuan Bai) (Ba Fen) Arecae Semen (Bing Lang) (Two pieces, ground for juice)
[Commentary by Xiu] Liver fire entering the Stomach causes boiling stomach heat. Patients feel hungry but do not want to eat; if they eat, they vomit roundworms. Severe cases involve restless worms, epigastric pain, irritability, and near-death confusion, known as "Hui Jue" (Roundworm Collapse). Thus, Radix Coptidis (Lian), Phellodendri Cortex (Bai), Zanthoxyli Pericarpium (Jiao), and Pruni Mume Fructus (Wu Mei) are used as Sovereign herbs, employing bitter-pungent-sour methods to drain the Liver and save the Stomach. Assistants include Polyporus (Lei Wan) and Arecae Semen (Bing Lang) specifically for Hui Jue, calming worms to prevent movement or expelling them via stool. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, pacifying roundworms, stopping pain, and resolving collapse.
Qin Lian Er Chen Tang [Clear Liver and Harmonize Stomach Method] Yu's empirical formula.
Scutellariae Radix (Qing Zi Qin) (Er Qian) Pinelliae Tuber Preparatum (Ban Xia) (Qian Ban Shi) Bambusae Latex (Dan Zhu Ru) (Er Qian) Poria (Chi Fu Ling) (San Qian) Radix Coptidis (Xiao Chuan Lian) (Ba Fen) Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Xin Hui Pi) (Qian Ban Shi) Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Xiao Zhi Shi) (Qian Ban Shi) Bi Yu San (San Qian, wrapped) Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Juice (Sheng Jiang Zhi) (Two drops) Bambusae Sap (Dan Zhu Li) (Two ladles, mixed and dissolved)
[Commentary by Xiu] Liver Yang invading the Stomach manifests as fire stirring phlegm, vomiting sticky saliva, sour regurgitation, bitter water, hunger without desire to eat, fullness/discomfort after eating, distension/pain, or acid reflux with irritability. Thus, Scutellariae Radix (Qin), Radix Coptidis (Lian), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Ju Pi), and Pinelliae Tuber (Ban Xia) are used as Sovereign herbs, using bitter-descending and pungent-unblocking properties to harmonize Liver and Stomach. Ministers include Bambusae Latex (Zhu Ru) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhi Shi) to unblock collaterals and descend Qi. Assistants include Poria (Chi Fu Ling) and Bi Yu San to drain turbid fluids from the Stomach via urination. Envoys are Ginger Juice (Jiang Zhi) and Bamboo Sap (Zhu Li), using pungent-moistening properties to wash away phlegm and restore smooth flow. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, harmonizing the Stomach, eliminating phlegm, and draining fluids.
Jia Wei Bai Tou Weng Tang [Clear Liver and Firm Intestines Method] Yu's empirical formula.
Bletillae Rhizoma (Bai Tou Weng) (San Qian) Phellodendri Cortex (Chuan Bai) (Wu Fen) Scutellariae Radix (Qing Zi Qin) (Er Qian) Cyathullae Radix (Guan Zhong) (Wu Qian) Radix Coptidis (Xiao Chuan Lian) (Ba Fen, vinegar-fried) Fraxini Cortex (Bei Qin Pi) (Ba Fen, vinegar-fried) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Sheng Bai Shao) (San Qian) Jasminum Grandiflorum Flos (Mo Li Hua) (Ten flowers, dissolved)
[Commentary by Xiu] Jueyin heat-dysentery is mostly bloody. Although related to the Small Intestine, it internally affects the Liver. Thus, Zhang Zhongjing's Bai Tou Weng Tang is used as Sovereign to soothe the Liver, resolve constraint, and firm the intestines with pure bitter properties. Ministers include Scutellariae Radix (Qin) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shao Yao) to drain the Liver with sour-bitter properties. Assistant includes fresh Cyathullae Radix (Guan Zhong) to wash intestinal filth, expelling it via stool, embodying the meaning "dysentery is purgation." Envoy includes Jasminum Grandiflorum Flos (Mo Li Hua) to clear and circulate Qi, assisting Bai Tou Weng's light ascending power. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, firming the intestines, draining heat, and stopping dysentery.
Xiang Lian Zhi Zhong Tang [Clear Liver and Strengthen Spleen Method] Yu's empirical formula.
Aucklandiae Radix (Guang Mu Xiang) (Ba Fen) Codonopsis Radix (Lu Dang Shen) (Er Qian, rice-fried) Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum (Pao Jiang) (San Fen) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Guang Pi) (Yi Qian) Radix Coptidis (Xiao Chuan Lian) (Liu Fen, vinegar-fried) Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Dong Zhu) (Qian Ban Shi) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Qing Zhi Gan Cao) (Wu Fen) Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Xiao Qing Pi) (Liu Fen)
[Commentary by Xiu] *Neijing* states the Liver connects with the Large Intestine. Symptoms include loose stools, borborygmus, abdominal pain, urgency without complete evacuation, or tenesmus with sinking sensation, presenting with a wiry left pulse and weak right pulse. Although caused by Liver Qi pressing downward, Spleen Yang often declines due to diarrhea. Thus, Aucklandiae Radix (Mu Xiang) and Radix Coptidis (Lian) are Sovereign herbs to regulate Qi and thicken the intestines. Ministers include Codonopsis Radix (Ren Shen), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Bai Zhu), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Gan Jiang), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) to warm and transport Spleen Yang. Assistant includes Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Pi) to regulate Qi and harmonize the middle. Envoy includes Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Qing Pi) to drain the Liver and widen the intestines. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, strengthening the Spleen, harmonizing the middle, and stopping diarrhea.
Gui Bai Di Huang Tang [Clear Liver and Benefit Kidney Method] Yu's empirical formula.
Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum Preparatum (Sheng Gui Ban) (Si Qian, crushed) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Sheng Bai Shao) (San Qian) Amomi Fructus (Sha Ren) (San Fen, mixed with crushing Rehmanniae Radix Preparatum, Wu Qian) Phellodendri Cortex (Chuan Bai) (Liu Fen, vinegar-fried) Moutan Cortex (Dan Pi) (Qian Ban Shi) Corni Fructus (Yu Rou) (Yi Qian) Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Huai Shan Yao) (San Qian, crushed) Poria (Chen Fu Shen) (San Qian) Salis Chloridum (Qing Yan) with Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Pi) (Ba Fen)
[Commentary by Xiu] For excess Liver Yang, shell-type minerals are needed to anchor it, and sour-bitter herbs to drain it. Thus, Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Gui Ban) and Phellodendri Cortex (Bai) are Sovereign herbs for anchoring and draining. When Yang is excessive, Yin is deficient. For insufficient Liver Yin, Kidney Water is needed to nourish it. Thus, Rehmanniae Radix Preparatum (Shu Di Huang) and Corni Fructus (Yu Rou) are Ministers, using sour-sweet to generate Yin; Moutan Cortex (Dan Pi) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (Bai Shao) are used to soothe the Liver with pungent-moist properties. One aspect nourishes dried collateral blood, subduing hyperactive Yang; the other facilitates smooth flow, relieving collateral constraint. Since strong Liver implies weak Spleen, and deficient Kidney implies deficient Heart, Assistant includes Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shan Yao) to tonify Spleen Yin, and Poria (Fu Shen) to connect Heart and Kidney. Envoy includes Salis Chloridum (Qing Yan) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Pi), using salty-descending and pungent-moistening properties to smooth Stomach Qi and transport medicine. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, benefiting the Kidney, anchering Yang, and nurturing Yin. It is suitable only for those with strong Stomach Qi capable of transporting medicine. If Stomach Qi is weak, nourishing the Stomach is primary; this formula should not be used lightly.
Sang Dan Xie Bai Tang [Clear Liver and Protect Lung Method] Yu's empirical formula.
Mori Folium (Sang Ye) (San Qian) Mori Cortex Radicis (Sang Bai Pi) (Si Qian) Bambusae Latex (Dan Zhu Ru) (Er Qian) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Qing Zhi Gan Cao) (Liu Fen) Moutan Cortex (Dan Pi) (Qian Ban Shi, vinegar-fried) Lycii Cortex Radicis (Di Gu Pi) (Wu Qian) Fritillariae Bulbus (Chuan Bei Mu) (San Qian, heart removed) Oryza Sativa (Sheng Jing Mi) (San Qian) Fortunella Margarita (Jin Ju) (One piece, chopped) Jujubae Fructus (Da Mi Zao) (One piece, split)
[Commentary by Xiu] Liver fire scorching the Lung causes cough with hypochondriac pain, inability to turn, hemoptysis, or blood streaks in sputum, easily leading to consumption (Phthisis), named "Wood striking Metal." Thus, Mori Folium (Sang Ye) and Moutan Cortex (Dan Pi) are Sovereign herbs, using cool-pungent properties to drain the Liver. Ministers include Mori Cortex Radicis (Sang Bai Pi) and Lycii Cortex Radicis (Di Gu Pi) to drain latent fire in the Lung; Bambusae Latex (Zhu Ru) and Fritillariae Bulbus (Chuan Bei Mu) to wash sticky phlegm from the Lung. Assistant includes Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) and Oryza Sativa (Jing Mi), using warm-moist-sweet-light properties to relax Liver tension and harmonize Stomach Qi. Envoy includes Fortunella Margarita (Ju Pi) and Jujubae Fructus (Zao), using mild-pungent-sweet-moist properties to smooth Lung Qi and nourish Lung fluids. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, protecting the Lung, eliminating phlegm, and regulating the middle. It is suitable only for heat generated by constraint and phlegm from fluid stagnation causing cough/wheeze/swelling. Contraindicated for wind-cold; misuse leads to chronic cough.
Xin Jia Yu Nu Jian [Clear Liver and Suppress Chong Vessel Method] Yu's empirical formula, modified from Zhang Jingyue's formula.
Gypsum Fibrosum (Sheng Shi Gao) (Liu Qian, ground) Psilomelitum (Zi Shi Ying) (Si Qian, ground) Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Huai Niu Xi) (Qian Ban Shi) Rehmanniae Radix Preparatum (Da Shu Di) (Liu Qian, sliced) Magnetitum (Ling Ci Shi) (Si Qian, ground) Clematidis Radix (Dong Bai Wei) (Si Qian) Aragonitum (Shi Jue Ming) (Wu Qian, crushed) Ophiopogonis Radix (Yuan Mai Dong) (San Qian, cinnabar-dyed) Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) (Er Qian, fried with Ash of Salt water) Salis Chloridum (Qing Yan) with Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Pi) (Yi Qian)
First, soak Rehmanniae Radix Preparatum slices to extract clear soup. Decoct the three stones (Gypsum, Psilomelite, Magnetite) for over a hundred boils to replace water for decocting other herbs.
[Commentary by Xiu] The Chong Vessel is the Sea of Blood, connecting upperly to the Stomach and lowerly to the Liver. Normally, Stomach fluids transform into blood, flowing down the Liver collaterals to the Chong Vessel. If Liver carries Gallbladder fire transforming into wind rising upward, Chong Qi rebels hitting the Heart, causing heart pain/heat, cough, hiccups, or syncope (Chong Cough, Chong Hiccup, Chong Syncope). This is due to Chong Yang rising directly from the center, causing hyperactive rebellion. Thus, the three stones (Gypsum, Psilomite, Magnetite) and Clematidis Radix (Bai Wei) are Sovereign herbs to suppress rebellion and anchor Chong Qi. Ministers include Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niu Xi) and Aragonitum (Jue Ming) to descend Qi and anchor Liver Yang; Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Dong) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparatum (Shu Di) to nourish Stomach fluids and Kidney Yin. Assistant includes Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) fried with Ash of Salt water, using salty-bitter properties to reach the lower jiao. Envoy includes Salis Chloridum (Qing Yan) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Pi), using pungent-moistening to smooth the middle. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, suppressing Chong Qi, nurturing Yin, and anchoring Yang.
Zi Ren Yi Yin Jian [Clear Liver and Nourish Ren Vessel Method] Yu's empirical formula, combined from Bu Yin Wan and Feng Sui Dan.
Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum Preparatum (Gui Ban) (Si Qian, crushed) Amomi Fructus (Sha Ren) (San Fen, mixed with crushing) Rehmanniae Radix Preparatum (Da Shu Di) (Si Qian) Porcis Medulla (Zhu Ji Sui) (One strip, washed/cut) Phellodendri Cortex (Chuan Bai) (Liu Fen, honey-fried) Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) (Er Qian, salt-water fried) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Zhi Gan Cao) (Liu Fen) Myristica Seed (Bai Guo) (Ten grains, salt-fried)
[Commentary by Xiu] The Ren Vessel belongs to the Kidney, governing the essence chamber and uterus. When Liver Yang presses down on the Ren Vessel, men experience spermatorrhea, women excessive leukorrhea, or threatened miscarriage. Although attributed to insecure Ren Yin, it is actually due to unanchored Chong Yang. Thus, Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Gui Ban) anchors Liver Yang, and Rehmanniae Radix Preparatum (Shu Di) nourishes Ren Yin as Sovereign herbs. Ministers include Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) and Phellodendri Cortex (Bai) to directly clear Liver/Kidney, treating the source of Chong/Ren to seal essence. Assistants include Porcis Medulla (Zhu Ji Sui) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) to fill marrow and harmonize the middle. Envoy includes Myristica Seed (Bai Guo) to consolidate essence and stop leukorrhea. This is an excellent formula for clearing the Liver, nourishing the Ren Vessel, and sealing essence.
Xin Jia Bai Hu Tang [Clear Liver/Stomach, Cool Lung/Heart Method] Yu's empirical formula, modified from Zhang Zhongjing's formula.
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bo He) (Wu Fen, mixed/grinded with Gypsum, Ba Qian) Nelumbinis Nelumbo (He Ye) (One corner, wrapped) Coicis Semen (Chen Cang Mi) (San Qian) Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) (Si Qian) Yi Yuan San (San Qian, wrapped) Phragmitis Rhizomen (Zhu Ye) (Thirty leaves) Mulberry Twig (Sang Zhi) (Two chi, cut)
First, decoct fresh Reed Rhizome (Lu Sun) (Liang Liang) and Junci Medulla (Deng Xin) (Wu Fen) with Gypsum powder to replace water.
[Commentary by Xiu] The Stomach is the Sea of Twelve Meridians. When pathogenic heat enters the Stomach meridian, it steams externally to muscles/skin, internally to Liver/Gallbladder, upperly to Lung/Heart, and lowerly to Small Intestine/Bladder. Symptoms include fever, sweating, thirst, faint rash, scanty dark urine, even hemoptysis or mania. This is diffuse floating heat, not yet consolidated. Since the pathogen has left the exterior, sweating is contraindicated; since it hasn't entered the interior fu organs, purging is premature. Thus, Bai Hu Tang method uses cool-pungent to drain heat and sweet-cool to save fluids as Sovereign, clearing exterior and interior. Ministers include Reed Rhizome (Lu Gen) to transform dry Metal Qi and vent rashes; Yi Yuan San to unblock dry Metal constraint and promote urination. Assistants include Phragmitis Rhizomen (Zhu Ye) and Mulberry Twig (Sang Zhi) to circulate Qi and drain heat. Envoys include Nelumbinis Nelumbo (He Ye) and Coicis Semen (Chen Mi) to clear heat and harmonize Stomach. Ingeniously, Gypsum mixed with Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bo He) resolves heat constraint without cold stagnation, more flexible than the original Changsha formula. This is an excellent formula for cool-pungent sweet-cool, clearing exterior-interior and Triple Burner. If rashes don't emerge quickly, add Nine Cicadae Molts (Chan Yi) and Four Fen Gleditsiae Spina (Zao Jiao Ci); if macules appear, add Three Qian fresh Tectonae Folium (Xi He Liu). (Lian's note: Xi He Liu is light and enters collaterals; though warm, it doesn't hinder cool formulas, only aids eruption; do not rigidly follow Ju Tong's view.) Add Four Qian Isatidis Folium (Da Qing Ye). For severe mania, add Five Fen Zixue San (Ju Fang), taken with decoction. For severe dry mouth/thirst, add Three Qian Trichosanthis Radix (Hua Fen) and one cup of Xini Juice (Sydney Juice?), watermelon juice is better. For thick sticky phlegm, add one Bell-full of Bambusae Sap (Dan Zhu Li) and one drop Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Juice (Sheng Jiang Zhi). For bleeding, add Four Qian fresh Bambusae Latex (Dan Zhu Ru), Eight Qian peeled Imperatae Rhizoma (Mao Gen), and one cup clear child's urine.
[Rongzhai's Commentary] Cheng Zhongling said: "Clearing means clearing heat. If organs have heat, clear it. *Neijing* says: 'Heat is treated with cold,' which is correct. But are there errors from not clearing when one should? From clearing when one shouldn't? From failing to distinguish internal injury vs external contraction? From failing to assess the patient and syndrome? These must be observed. Six excess pathogens, except cold/damp, cause heat. Heat steams, appearing in mouth/tongue/lips/teeth or thirst/urination. Knowing heat but not clearing leads to macules, jaundice, mania, syncope, vomiting blood—numerous errors of 'not clearing.' But what about 'clearing when shouldn't'? E.g., hard laborers with deficient Middle Qi, fever/fatigue, irritability/red urine called 'deficiency fire' (Spring generation fails, no Yang to protect Ying/Wei), distinct from external heat. Or Yin-deficiency consumption with afternoon tidal fever, or postpartum blood deficiency with fever/irritation mimicking Bai Hu Tang—misuse is fatal. Or Mingmen fire decline with floating Yang simulating fire, or Yin excess repelling Yang false heat (red face, mania, desire to lie in mud/water, constipation, black wet tongue, or surging empty pulse, or thirst for cold drinks unable to swallow, or cold lower jiao drinking hot tea). Laypeople mistake this for heat, giving cold herbs leads to danger—this is 'clearing when shouldn't.' What about 'clearing without distinguishing internal/external'? Wind-cold closing fire requires dispersing/clearing ('Fire constraint needs venting'); Summerheat damaging Qi requires tonifying/clearing (Dong Yuan's Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang); Damp-heat requires dispersing/drenching/purging (Open ghost door, clean bladder, remove old waste); Dry-heat requires moistening/clearing (unblock bowels); Food stagnation heat requires digesting/clearing (food gone, heat平息). Only Taiyang transmitting to Stomach fu, steaming heat, sweating/thirst, drinking cold water absorbed—only Bai Hu Tang class helps. Also Yang excess rejecting Yin, cold herbs rejected/vomited—use small amount Ginger Juice as guide or Ginger-prepared Coptis, reverse assistance ("Cold used for heat"), this is external excess fire clearing. For Seven Emotions constraint, anger/worry/sorrow/fear/fright generating internal fire, Danxi uses Yue Ju Wan (vent fire constraint); Lizhai uses Xiao Yao San (regulate Liver Qi). For True Yin deficiency with fire flaming up, strengthen Water to calm Yang; True Yang deficiency with fire flaming up, guide fire back to origin (lead dragon to sea)—this is internal deficiency fire treatment. External fire is cleared by clearing; Internal fire is cleared by tonifying. But what about 'clearing without assessing the person'? Strong people with excess heat can tolerate heavier clearing. If originally..."