题曰∶医演岐黄本世传，为嗟海内困颠连。几篇术括千年秘，一点春回万病痊。解使疲癃跻寿域，却惭谫
陋着遗编。敢云卞玉思三献，忧国忧民天下先。
万金者，万象之精粹也。一统者，总括之大机也。太初者，气之始也。太始者，形之始也。太素者，质之
始也。天者，轻清而上浮也。地者，重浊而下凝也。阳之精者为日，东升而西坠也。阴之精者为月，夜见而昼
隐也。天不足西北，故西北方阴也，而人右耳目不如左明也。地不满东南，故东南方阳也，而人左手足不如右
强也。天气下降，地气上升也。阴中有阳，阳中有阴也。平旦至日中，天之阳，阳中之阳也。日中至黄昏，天
之阳，阳中之阴也。合夜至鸡鸣，天之阴，阴中之阴也。鸡鸣至平旦，天之阴，阴中之阳也。（故人亦应之。）
天地者，万物之上下也。阴阳者，血气之男女也。左右者，阴阳之道路也。水火者，阴阳之征兆也。金木者，
生成之始终也。玄气凝空，水始生也。赤气炫空，火始生也。苍气浮空，木始生也。素气横空，金始生也。黄气
际空，土始生也。天地 ，万物化醇也。男女媾精，万物化生也。三才者，天地人也。人者，得天地之正气，
灵于万物者也。命者，天之赋也，精者，身之本也。形者，生之舍也。气者，生之足也。神者，生之制也。心者
，君主之官，神明出也。肺看，相傅之官，治节出也。胆者，中正之官，决断出也。
膻者，使臣之官，喜乐出也。肝者，将军之官，谋虑出也。脾胃者，仓廪之官，五味出也。大肠者，传导之官，
变化出也。小肠者，受盛之官，化物出也。肾者，作强之官，伎巧出也。膀胱者，州都之官，津液藏也，（气
化则能出矣。）命门者，精神之所舍也，（男子以藏精，女子以系胞。）三阳者，太阳、阳明、少阳也；三阴
者，太阴、少阴、厥阴也。阳明者，两阳合明也。（两阳合明曰明。）厥阴者，两阴交尽也。（两阴交尽曰
幽。）手太阴，肺经也。（本脏经络起中府穴，终少商穴，传手阳明大肠经。）手阳明，大肠经也。（起商阳
穴，终迎香穴，传足阳明胃经。）手少阴，心经也。（起极泉穴，终少冲穴，传手太阳小肠经。）手太阳，小
肠经也。（起少泽穴，终听宫穴，注足太阳膀胱经。）手厥阴，心胞络也。（起天池穴，终中冲穴，传手少阳三
焦经。）手少阳，三焦经也。（起关冲穴，终耳门穴，出足少阳胆经。）足太阳，膀胱经也。（起睛明穴。终
至阴穴，注足少阴肾经。）足少阴，肾经也。（起涌泉穴，终俞府穴，传手厥阴心包络经。）足少阳，胆经也。
（起瞳子 穴，终窍阴穴，传足厥阴肝经。）足厥阴，肝经也。（起大敦穴，终期门穴，复传手太阴肺经。）足
阳明，胃经也。（起头维穴，终厉兑穴，传足太阴脾经。）足太阴，脾经也。（起隐白穴，终大包穴，传手少阴
心经。）
头者，诸阳之会也。鼻者，属肺，鼻和则知香臭也。目者，属肝，目和则知黑白也。口者，属脾，口和则知
谷味也。舌者，属心，舌和则知五味也。耳者，属肾，耳和则知五音也。肺开窍于鼻也，心开窍于舌也，脾开窍于
口也，肝开窍于目也，肾开窍于耳也。齿者，肾之标，骨之余也。发者，属心，禀火气也。须者，属肾，禀水气
也。眉者，属肝，禀木气也。毛者，属肺，禀金气也。咽者，咽物，通水谷，接三脘，以通胃也，呵欠者，胃也。
喉者，候气，有九节通五脏，以系肺也。善嚏者，肺气也。声音者，根出于肾也。善噫者，脾气也。
发者，血之余也，爪者，筋之余也。神者，气之余也。目得血而能视也，耳得血而能听也，手得血而能摄也，
掌得血而能握也，足得血而能步也，脏得血而能液也，腑得血而能气也。魂者，神明之辅弼也。魄者，积气之匡
佐也。营者，水谷之精气也，卫者，水谷之悍气也。直行者，谓之经也；旁行者，谓之络也。脉者，天真委
和之气也。三部者，尺关寸也。九候者，浮中沉也。五脏者，心肝脾肺肾也。六腑者，胆胃大肠小肠膀胱三焦也。
左手寸口，心与小肠之脉所出，君火也。左手关部，肝与胆之脉所出，风木也。左手尺部，肾与膀胱之脉所
出，寒水也。右手关部，脾与胃之脉所出，湿土也。右手寸口，肺与大肠之脉所出，燥金也。右手尺部，命门与三
焦之脉所出，相火也。每部中各有浮、中、沉三候也。三候，三而三之，为九候也。浮者，主皮肤，候表及腑也；
中者，主肌肉，以候胃气也；沉者，主筋骨，候里及脏也。寸为阳，为上部，法天，为心肺，以应上焦，主心胸
以上至头之有疾也。关为阴阳之中，为中部，法人，为肝脾，以应中焦，主膈以下至脐之有疾也。尺为阴，为下部，
法地，为肾命，以应下焦，主脐以下至足之有疾也。四时之脉者，弦、钩、毛、石也。春脉弦者肝，东方木也。夏
脉钩者心，南方火也。秋脉毛者肺，西方金也。冬脉实者肾，北方水也。四季脉迟缓者脾，中央土也。四时平脉者，
六脉俱带和缓也。（谓有胃气，有胃气曰生；无胃气曰死。）
一呼一吸者，为一息也。一息四至者，为平脉也。太过不及者，病脉也。关格覆溢者，死脉也。三迟二败，冷
而危也。六数七极，热生多也。八脱九死十归墓也，十一十二绝魂也，两息一至死脉也。
五行者，金木水火土也。相生者，谓金生水、水生木、木生火、火生土、土生金是也。相克者，谓金克木、
木克土、土克水、水克火，火克金是也。相生者，吉也，相克者，凶也。心若见沉细，肝见短涩，肾见迟缓，肺
见洪大，脾见弦长，皆遇克也。心若见缓，肝见洪，肺见沉，脾见涩，肾见弦，皆遇我之所生也。男子左手脉常
大于右手为顺也；女子右手脉常大于左手为顺也。男子尺脉常弱，寸脉常盛，是其常也；女子尺脉常盛，寸脉常
弱，是其常也。男得女脉，为不足也；女得男脉，为不足也。男子不可久泻也；女子不可久吐也。
左手属阳，右手属阴也。关前属阳，关后属阴也。汗多亡阳，下多亡阴也。诸阴为寒，诸阳为热也。
人迎者，左手关前一分是也。气口者，右手关前一分是也。人迎以候天之六气，风、寒、暑、湿、燥，火之
外感也。人迎浮盛。则伤风也；紧盛，则伤寒也；虚弱，则伤暑也；沉细，则伤湿也；虚数，则伤热也。气口以
候人之七情，喜、怒、忧、思、悲，恐、惊之内伤也。喜者，则脉数也；怒者，则脉激也；忧者，则脉涩也；思
者，则脉结也；悲者，则脉紧也；恐者，则脉沉也，惊者，则脉动也。人迎脉紧盛大于气口一倍，为外感风与寒，
皆属于表，为阳也、腑也。气口脉大于人迎一倍，脉紧盛为伤食、为劳倦，皆属于里，为阴也、脏也。人迎气口
俱紧盛，此为夹食伤寒，为内伤外感也。男子久病，气口充于人迎者，有胃气也。女子久病，人迎充于气口者，有
胃气也。（病虽重可治，反此者逆。）
外因者，六淫之邪也；内因者，七情之气也；不内外因者，饮食劳倦跌扑也。
浮、沉、迟、数、滑、涩者，为六脉也，浮者，为阳在
表、为风、为虚也。沉着，为阴在里，为湿、为实也。迟者在脏，为寒、为冷、为阴也。数者在腑，为热、为
燥、为阳也。滑者，血多气少也。（滑为血有余。）涩者，气多血少也。（涩为气浊滞。）
八要者，表里虚实寒热邪正是也。八脉者，浮沉迟数滑涩大缓是也。表者脉浮，以别之病不在里也。里者
脉沉，以别之病不在表也。虚者脉涩，以别之五虚也。实者脉滑，以别之五实也。寒者脉退，以别之脏腑积冷
也。热者脉数，以别之脏腑积热也。邪者脉大，以别之外邪相干也。正者脉缓，以别之外无邪干也。洪、弦、
长、散、浮之类也，伏、实、短、牢、沉之类也，细、小、微、败、迟之类也，疾、促、紧、急、数之类也，动
、摇、流、利、滑之类也，芤、虚、结、滞、涩之类也，坚、实、钩、革、大之类也，濡、弱、柔、和、缓之
类也。
七表者，浮、芤、滑、实、弦、紧、洪是也。浮者不足，举有余也；芤者中空，两畔居也；滑者如珠，中有
力也；实者逼逼与长俱也；弦者如按弓弦状也，紧者牵绳转索是也；洪者按之皆极大也；浮为中风，芤失血也；
滑吐实下分明别也；弦为拘急，紧为疼也；洪大从来偏主热也。
八里者，微、沉、缓、涩、迟、伏、濡、弱也。微者如有又如无也；沉者举无按有余也；迟缓息间三度至也；
濡者散止细仍虚也；伏者切骨沉相类也；弱者沉微指下图也；涩者如刀轻刮竹也；迟寒缓结微为痞也；涩因血少
沉气滞也；伏为积聚濡不足也；弱则筋痿少精气也。
九道者，长、短、虚、促、结、代、牢、动、细也。长者流利通三部也；短者本部不及细也；促者来数急促
歇也；虚者迟大无力软也；结者时止而迟缓也；代者不还真可吁也；
牢者如弦沉更实也；动者鼓动无定居也；细者虽有但如线也；长为阳毒三焦热也；短气壅郁未得倡也，促阳气拘
时兼滞也；虚为血少热生惊也；代主气耗细气少也；牢气满急时主疼也；结主积气闷兼痛也，动是虚劳血痢崩也。
六死者，雀啄、屋漏、弹石、解索、鱼翔、虾游也。雀啄连来三五啄也，屋漏半日一点落也，弹石硬来寻即
散也；解索搭指即散乱也；鱼翔似有亦似无也；虾游静中跳一跃也。
奇经八脉者，阳维、阴维、阳跷、阴跷、冲脉、任脉、督脉、带脉也。阳维者为病，苦寒热也；阴维者为病，
苦心痛也；阳跷者为病，阴缓而阳急也；阴跷者为病，阳缓而阴急也；冲之为病，气逆而里急也；督之为病，脊
强而厥冷也；任之为病，其内苦结，男为七疝，女为瘕聚也；带之为病，腹满腰胀，溶溶若坐水中也。
中风宜迟浮，忌急实也。伤寒宜洪大，忌沉细也。咳嗽宜浮濡，忌沉伏也。腹胀宜浮大，忌虚小也。下利宜微
小，忌浮洪也。狂疾宜实大，忌沉细也。霍乱宜浮洪，忌微迟也，消渴宜数大，忌虚小也。水气宜浮大，忌沉细也。
鼻衄宜沉细，忌浮大也。心腹疼痛宜沉细，忌浮大也。上气浮肿宜浮滑，忌微细也。头痛宜浮滑，忌短涩也。喘急
宜浮滑，忌涩脉也。唾血宜沉弱，忌实大也。金疮宜微细，忌紧数也。中恶宜紧细，忌浮大也。中毒宜数大，忌微细
也。吐血宜沉小，忌实大也。肠癖宜沉迟，忌数疾也。内伤宜弦紧，忌小弱也。风痹宜虚濡，忌紧急也。温病发热，
忌微小也。腹中有积，忌虚弱也。病热，忌脉静也。病泄，忌脉大也。翻胃宜浮缓，忌沉涩也。咳逆宜浮缓，忌弦急
也。诸气宜浮紧，忌虚弱也。痞满宜滑脉，忌涩脉也。妇人带下宜迟滑，
忌虚浮也。妇人妊娠宜洪大，忌沉细也。产妇面赤舌青，母活子死也，面青舌青沫出，母死子活也；唇口俱青，
子母俱死也。妇人已产，宜小实，忌虚浮也。妇人劳虚，右寸数者，死也；鱼口气急者，死也，循衣摸床者，
死也；口臭不可近者，死也；面肿、色苍黑者，死也；发直如麻者，死也；遗尿不知者，死也；舌卷卵缩者，
死也；眼目直视者，死也；面无光者、牙根黑者，死也；汗出身体不凉者，死也；头面痛、卒视无所见者，死也；
黑色入耳、目、鼻，渐入口者，死也；温病大热，脉细小者，死也。人病脉不病者，名内虚也。温病汗出不至
足者，死也。病若闭目不欲见人者，宜强急而长，忌浮短而涩也。病若开目而渴，心下牢者，宜紧实而数，
忌浮涩而微也。病若吐血复衄血者，宜沉细，忌浮大而牢也。病若谵言妄语，身当有热，脉宜洪大，忌手足厥
逆，脉细而微也。病若大腹而泄者，宜微细而涩，忌紧大而滑也。
诸风掉眩者，皆属于肝也。诸寒收引者，皆属于肾也。诸湿肿满者，皆属于脾也。诸痿喘呕者，皆属于胃也。
诸痛痒疮者，皆属于心也。瘦脱形发热、脉坚急者，死也。诸热瞀螈，皆属于火，手少阳三焦经也。（瞀、昏也。
螈、跳动也。）诸禁鼓栗，如丧神守，皆属于火，手少阴心经也。（禁冷也。）诸逆冲上，皆属于火，手厥阴心
胞络经也。诸痉强直，皆属于湿，足太阳膀胱经也。诸腹胀大，皆属于热，足太阴脾经也。诸燥狂越，皆属于火，
足阳明胃经也。诸暴强直，皆属于风，足厥阴肝经也。诸病有声，鼓之如鼓，皆属于热，手太阴肺经也。
诸病跗肿，酸疼惊骇，皆属于火，手阳明大肠经也。（跗肿，足皆肿也。）诸转反戾，水液混浊，皆属于热，手太
阳小肠经也。诸病水液，澄沏清冷，皆属于寒，足少阴肾经也。诸呕吐酸，暴注下迫，皆属于热，足少阳胆经也。
（暴注，卒然泻也。下迫，
里急后重也。）
五虚者，脉细、皮寒、气少、泄利前后、饮食不入是也。（糜粥入胃，泄泻止则生。）五实者，脉盛、皮热、
腹胀、前后不通、闷瞀是也。（泻之，大小通利而得汗者生。）五胜者，气盛则动，热胜则肿，燥胜则干，寒胜则
The inscription states: Medicine evolves from the traditions of Qi Bo and Huang Di, passed down through generations, evoking sighs for the suffering of people within and beyond the seas. These few articles encompass millennia of secrets; a touch of spring returns to heal ten thousand diseases. It enables the weak and disabled to reach the realm of longevity, yet I feel ashamed of my shallow and crude writings left behind. How dare I claim to offer jade like Bian He three times? My concern is for the country and the people, placing them first in the world.
"Wan Jin" (Ten Thousand Gold) refers to the essence of all phenomena. "Yi Tong" (One Unity) refers to the great mechanism of generalization. Tai Chu (Great Beginning) is the start of Qi (vital energy). Tai Shi (Great Form) is the start of Xing (form). Tai Su (Great Simplicity) is the start of Zhi (substance). Heaven is light and clear, floating upward; Earth is heavy and turbid, condensing downward. The essence of Yang is the Sun, rising in the east and setting in the west; the essence of Yin is the Moon, appearing at night and hiding by day. Heaven is deficient in the northwest, so the northwest belongs to Yin, and thus the right ear and eye are less acute than the left. Earth is incomplete in the southeast, so the southeast belongs to Yang, and thus the left hand and foot are not as strong as the right. Heavenly Qi descends, Earthly Qi ascends; Yin contains Yang, and Yang contains Yin. From dawn to noon is Heavenly Yang, specifically Yang within Yang; from noon to dusk is Heavenly Yang, specifically Yin within Yang; from sunset to rooster crow is Heavenly Yin, specifically Yin within Yin; from rooster crow to dawn is Heavenly Yin, specifically Yang within Yin. (Therefore, humans also correspond to this.) Heaven and Earth are the upper and lower of all things; Yin and Yang are the male and female aspects of Blood and Qi; Left and Right are the pathways of Yin and Yang; Water and Fire are the signs of Yin and Yang; Metal and Wood are the beginning and end of generation and completion. Dark Qi condenses in the sky, Water begins to generate; Red Qi shines in the sky, Fire begins to generate; Cyan Qi floats in the sky, Wood begins to generate; White Qi spreads across the sky, Metal begins to generate; Yellow Qi fills the sky, Earth begins to generate. Heaven and Earth interact, causing all things to mature profoundly; Male and Female unite their essences, causing all things to be born. The Three Powers are Heaven, Earth, and Man. Man receives the upright Qi of Heaven and Earth and is more spiritual than other things. Ming (Life/Destiny) is endowed by Heaven; Jing (Essence) is the root of the body; Xing (Form) is the residence of life; Qi is the sufficiency of life; Shen (Spirit) is the controller of life. Xin (Heart) is the Official of the Sovereign, where Shen Ming (Divine Light/Spirit) emerges. Fei (Lung) is the Official of the Chancellor, where Zhi Jie (Regulation) emerges. Dan (Gallbladder) is the Official of Integrity, where Jue Duan (Decision-making) emerges. Dan Zhong (Pericardium/Chest) is the Official of the Envoy, where Xi Le (Joy) emerges. Gan (Liver) is the Official of the General, where Mou Lv (Planning/Strategy) emerges. Pi Wei (Spleen and Stomach) are the Officials of the Granary, where Wu Wei (Five Flavors) emerge. Da Chang (Large Intestine) is the Official of Transmission, where Bian Hua (Transformation) emerges. Xiao Chang (Small Intestine) is the Official of Reception and Storage, where Hua Wu (Processing Food) emerges. Shen (Kidney) is the Official of Strength and Vigor, where Ji Qiao (Skill and Ingenuity) emerges. Pang Guang (Bladder) is the Official of the Metropolis, where Jin Ye (Body Fluids) are stored (and can be excreted after Qi transformation). Ming Men (Gate of Life) is the residence of Spirit and Essence (men store essence here; women connect to the uterus here). The Three Yang meridians are Tai Yang, Yang Ming, and Shao Yang; the Three Yin meridians are Tai Yin, Shao Yin, and Jue Yin. Yang Ming means two Yangs combining to illuminate (two Yangs combining is called Ming). Jue Yin means two Yins meeting their end (two Yins meeting their end is called You/Darkness).
Shou Tai Yin (Hand Taiyin) is the Lung Meridian (originates at Zhongfu [LU-1], ends at Shaoshang [LU-11], transmits to Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian). Shou Yang Ming (Hand Yangming) is the Large Intestine Meridian (originates at Shangyang [LI-1], ends at Yingxiang [LI-20], transmits to Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian). Shou Shao Yin (Hand Shaoyin) is the Heart Meridian (originates at Jiquan [HT-1], ends at Shaochong [HT-9], transmits to Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian). Shou Tai Yang (Hand Taiyang) is the Small Intestine Meridian (originates at Shaoze [SI-1], ends at Tinggong [SI-19], pours into Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian). Shou Jue Yin (Hand Jueyin) is the Pericardium Meridian (originates at Tianchi [PC-1], ends at Zhongchong [PC-9], transmits to Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian). Shou Shaoyang (Hand Shaoyang) is the Sanjiao Meridian (originates at Guanchong [TE-1], ends at Ermen [TE-21), exits to Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian). Zu Tai Yang (Foot Taiyang) is the Bladder Meridian (originates at Jingming [BL-1], ends at Zhiyin [BL-67], pours into Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian). Zu Shao Yin (Foot Shaoyin) is the Kidney Meridian (originates at Yongquan [KI-1], ends at Yufo [KI-27], transmits to Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian). Zu Shaoyang (Foot Shaoyang) is the Gallbladder Meridian (originates at Tongziliao [GB-1], ends at Qiaoyin [GB-45], transmits to Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian). Zu Jue Yin (Foot Jueyin) is the Liver Meridian (originates at Dadun [LR-1], ends at Qimen [LR-14], re-transmits to Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian). Zu Yang Ming (Foot Yangming) is the Stomach Meridian (originates at Touwei [ST-8], ends at Lidui [ST-45], transmits to Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian). Zu Tai Yin (Foot Taiyin) is the Spleen Meridian (originates at Yinbai [SP-1], ends at Dabao [SP-21], transmits to Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian).
The head is the convergence of all Yang meridians. The nose belongs to the Lung; when harmonious, it distinguishes fragrance and stench. The eyes belong to the Liver; when harmonious, they distinguish black and white. The mouth belongs to the Spleen; when harmonious, it distinguishes grain flavors. The tongue belongs to the Heart; when harmonious, it distinguishes the five flavors. The ears belong to the Kidney; when harmonious, they distinguish the five tones. The Lung opens into the nose; the Heart opens into the tongue; the Spleen opens into the mouth; the Liver opens into the eyes; the Kidney opens into the ears. Teeth are the external indicator of the Kidney and the surplus of bone. Hair belongs to the Heart and inherits Fire Qi. Beard belongs to the Kidney and inherits Water Qi. Eyebrows belong to the Liver and inherit Wood Qi. Body hair belongs to the Lung and inherits Metal Qi. The pharynx swallows food, connects water and grain, links the three epigastria, and communicates with the Stomach. Yawning relates to the Stomach. The larynx monitors Qi, has nine segments connecting to the five Zang organs, and attaches to the Lung. Frequent sneezing is the function of Lung Qi. Voice originates from the Kidney. Frequent belching is the function of Spleen Qi.
Hair is the surplus of Blood; nails are the surplus of Sinews. Shen (Spirit) is the surplus of Qi. The eyes see when nourished by Blood; the ears hear when nourished by Blood; the hands grasp when nourished by Blood; the palms hold when nourished by Blood; the feet walk when nourished by Blood; the Zang organs produce fluids when nourished by Blood; the Fu organs generate Qi when nourished by Blood. Hun (Ethereal Soul) is the assistant to Shen Ming. Po (Corporeal Soul) is the aide to accumulated Qi. Ying (Nutritive Qi) is the refined Qi of food and drink; Wei (Defensive Qi) is the fierce Qi of food and drink. Those that run straight are called Jing (Meridians); those that branch out are called Luo (Collaterals). Mai (Pulse) is the natural, gentle Qi. San Bu (Three Regions) refer to Chi, Guan, and Cun. Jiu Hou (Nine Palpations) refer to Fu, Zhong, and Chen. The Five Zang organs are Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney. The Six Fu organs are Gallbladder, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Bladder, Sanjiao.
The Cun Kou at the left hand is where the pulses of the Heart and Small Intestine emerge, belonging to Jun Huo (Minister Fire). The Guan section at the left hand is where the pulses of the Liver and Gallbladder emerge, belonging to Feng Mu (Wind-Wood). The Chi section at the left hand is where the pulses of the Kidney and Bladder emerge, belonging to Han Shui (Cold-Water). The Guan section at the right hand is where the pulses of the Spleen and Stomach emerge, belonging to Shi Tu (Damp-Earth). The Cun Kou at the right hand is where the pulses of the Lung and Large Intestine emerge, belonging to Zao Jin (Dry-Metal). The Chi section at the right hand is where the pulses of the Gate of Life and Sanjiao emerge, belonging to Xiang Huo (Assistant Fire). Each section has three palpation depths: Fu, Zhong, and Chen. Nine palps result from multiplying three by three. Fu (Superficial) governs skin, indicating exterior and Fu diseases. Zhong (Moderate) governs muscle, indicating Stomach Qi. Chen (Deep) governs sinew and bone, indicating interior and Zang diseases. Cun is Yang, upper part, modeling Heaven, corresponding to Heart and Lung, addressing the Upper Jiao, governing diseases from the chest/heart up to the head. Guan is the middle of Yin and Yang, middle part, modeling Humanity, corresponding to Liver and Spleen, addressing the Middle Jiao, governing diseases from below the diaphragm to the umbilicus. Chi is Yin, lower part, modeling Earth, corresponding to Kidney and Gate of Life, addressing the Lower Jiao, governing diseases from below the umbilicus to the feet. The four-season pulses are Xian (Wiry), Gou (Hook), Mao (Feather), and Shi (Stone). Spring pulse Xian corresponds to Liver, Eastern Wood. Summer pulse Gou corresponds to Heart, Southern Fire. Autumn pulse Mao corresponds to Lung, Western Metal. Winter pulse Shi corresponds to Kidney, Northern Water. Four-season pulse Chi Huan corresponds to Spleen, Central Earth. Normal pulses in four seasons show all six pulses carrying a harmonious and mild quality (this is having Wei Qi/Stomach Qi; having Wei Qi means life; lacking Wei Qi means death).
One inhalation and one exhalation constitute one Xi (breath cycle). Four beats per Xi is a Ping Mai (Normal Pulse). Excessive or insufficient beats are Bing Mai (Pathological Pulses). Guan Ge (Obstruction and Repletion) and Fu Yi (Reversal and Overflow) are Si Mai (Death Pulses). Three slow beats indicate cold and danger. Six rapid or seven extreme beats indicate excessive heat. Eight depletion, nine death, ten returning to tomb, eleven and twelve severing the soul, one beat every two breaths are death pulses.
The Five Elements are Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth. Mutual Generation: Metal generates Water, Water generates Wood, Wood generates Fire, Fire generates Earth, Earth generates Metal. Mutual Restriction: Metal restricts Wood, Wood restricts Earth, Earth restricts Water, Water restricts Fire, Fire restricts Metal. Generation is auspicious; restriction is inauspicious. If Heart pulse appears Chen Xi (Deep and Fine), Liver pulse Duan Se (Short and Choppy), Kidney pulse Chi Huan (Slow and Mild), Lung pulse Hong Da (Surging and Large), Spleen pulse Xian Chang (Wiry and Long), these are encounters with restriction. If Heart pulse appears Huan (Mild), Liver pulse Hong (Surging), Lung pulse Chen (Deep), Spleen pulse Se (Choppy), Kidney pulse Xian (Wiry), these are encounters with what I generate. In men, the left hand pulse is usually larger than the right (Shun/Favorable); in women, the right hand pulse is usually larger than the left (Shun/Favorable). In men, Chi pulse is usually weak, Cun pulse usually strong (normal); in women, Chi pulse usually strong, Cun pulse usually weak (normal). A man getting a woman's pulse indicates deficiency; a woman getting a man's pulse indicates deficiency. Men should not have prolonged diarrhea; women should not have prolonged vomiting.
Left hand is Yang, right hand is Yin. Front of Guan is Yang, back of Guan is Yin. Excessive sweating destroys Yang; excessive purgation destroys Yin. All Yin indicates Cold; all Yang indicates Heat.
Ren Ying (Human Welcome) is one fen before the Guan on the left hand. Qi Kou (Qi Mouth) is one fen before the Guan on the right hand. Ren Ying monitors the Six Qi of Heaven: Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire (external pathogens). Ren Ying Fu Sheng (Superficial and Full) indicates Wind Injury; Jin Sheng (Tight and Full) indicates Cold Injury; Xu Ruo (Weak and Deficient) indicates Summerheat Injury; Chen Xi (Deep and Fine) indicates Dampness Injury; Xu Shu (Weak and Rapid) indicates Heat Injury. Qi Kou monitors the Seven Emotions of Humans: Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, Surprise (internal injuries). Joy makes pulse Shu (Rapid); Anger makes pulse Ji (Agitated); Worry makes pulse Se (Choppy); Thought makes pulse Jie (Knotted); Sorrow makes pulse Jin (Tight); Fear makes pulse Chen (Deep); Surprise makes pulse Dong (Moving). If Ren Ying pulse is Tight and Full, greater than Qi Kou by one fold, it is external Wind and Cold, belonging to Exterior, Yang, and Fu. If Qi Kou pulse is greater than Ren Ying by one fold, and is Tight and Full, it is Food Retention or Fatigue, belonging to Interior, Yin, and Zang. If both Ren Ying and Qi Kou are Tight and Full, it is Cold Injury complicated by Food Retention, internal injury with external pathogen. In long-term illness in men, if Qi Kou is fuller than Ren Ying, there is Stomach Qi. In long-term illness in women, if Ren Ying is fuller than Qi Kou, there is Stomach Qi. (Even if the disease is severe, it is treatable; the reverse is Ni/Adverse.)
External causes are the Six Evils; Internal causes are the Qi of the Seven Emotions; Neither External nor Internal causes are Diet, Fatigue, and Falls/Trauma.
Fu, Chen, Chi, Shu, Hua, Se are the Six Pulses. Fu (Superficial) is Yang, indicating Exterior, Wind, Deficiency. Chen (Deep) is Yin, indicating Interior, Dampness, Excess. Chi (Slow) is in Zang, indicating Cold, Chill, Yin. Shu (Rapid) is in Fu, indicating Heat, Dryness, Yang. Hua (Slippery) indicates much Blood and little Qi (Hua means Blood excess). Se (Choppy) indicates much Qi and little Blood (Se means Qi turbidity and stagnation).
The Eight Essentials are Exterior, Interior, Deficiency, Excess, Cold, Heat, Pathogenic, Upright. The Eight Pulses are Fu, Chen, Chi, Shu, Hua, Se, Da, Huan. Exterior is indicated by Fu pulse, distinguishing disease not in the Interior. Interior is indicated by Chen pulse, distinguishing disease not in the Exterior. Deficiency is indicated by Se pulse, distinguishing the Five Deficiencies. Excess is indicated by Hua pulse, distinguishing the Five Excesses. Cold is indicated by Tui (Retreating/Sluggish) pulse, distinguishing accumulated cold in Zang and Fu. Heat is indicated by Shu pulse, distinguishing accumulated heat in Zang and Fu. Pathogenic is indicated by Da (Large) pulse, distinguishing interference by external pathogens. Upright is indicated by Huan (Mild) pulse, distinguishing absence of external pathogen interference. Hong, Xian, Chang, San, Fu belong to one category; Fu, Shi, Duan, Lao, Chen belong to one category; Xi, Xiao, Wei, Bai, Chi belong to one category; Ji, Cu, Jin, Ji, Shu belong to one category; Dong, Yao, Liu, Li, Hua belong to one category; Kou, Xu, Jie, Zhi, Se belong to one category; Jian, Shi, Gou, Ge, Da belong to one category; Ru, Ruo, Rou, He, Huan belong to one category.
Seven Surface Pulses are Fu, Kou, Hua, Shi, Xian, Jin, Hong. Fu is insufficient on lifting, sufficient on pressing; Kou is hollow in the middle, solid on sides; Hua is like a pearl, forceful in the middle; Shi is pressing and long; Xian is like pressing a bowstring; Jin is like twisting a rope; Hong is extremely large upon pressing; Fu indicates Wind Stroke; Kou indicates Blood Loss; Hua indicates Vomiting, Shi indicates Purging, clearly distinguished; Xian indicates Spasm/Tightness, Jin indicates Pain; Hong Da generally indicates Heat.
Eight Interior Pulses are Wei, Chen, Huan, Se, Chi, Fu, Ru, Ruo. Wei is like having and like not having; Chen is absent on lifting, sufficient on pressing; Chi Huan is three beats per breath interval; Ru is scattered, stopping, fine, and still deficient; Fu is similar to deep touching bone; Ruo is deep, faint, obvious under finger; Se is like a knife scraping bamboo; Chi indicates Cold, Huan indicates slight knotting/stuffiness; Se is due to Blood deficiency, Chen is due to Qi stagnation; Fu indicates Accumulation/Mass, Ru indicates insufficiency; Ruo indicates Sinew flaccidity and lack of Essence/Qi.
Nine Dao Pulses are Chang, Duan, Xu, Cu, Jie, Dai, Lao, Dong, Xi. Chang is fluent through all three regions; Duan is insufficient in its own region and fine; Cu is rapid, urgent, with pauses; Xu is slow, large, powerless, soft; Jie stops occasionally and is slow; Dai does not return true, causing sighing; Lao is wiry, deep, and more solid; Dong moves vigorously without fixed location; Xi exists but is thread-like. Chang indicates Yang toxin and Sanjiao heat; Duan indicates Qi obstruction and depression not yet vented; Cu indicates Yang Qi constraint and occasional stagnation; Xu indicates Blood deficiency and heat generating fright; Dai indicates Qi consumption, Xi indicates Qi scarcity; Lao indicates Qi fullness and urgency, sometimes pain; Jie indicates accumulated Qi stuffiness and pain; Dong indicates Consumption, Blood Dysentery, and Metrorrhagia.
Six Death Pulses are Que Zhuo (Sparrow Pecking), Wu Lou (House Leak), Tan Shi (Flicking Stone), Jie Suo (Untying Cord), Yu Xiang (Fish Swimming), Xia You (Shrimp Swimming). Que Zhuo comes continuously, pecking three or five times; Wu Lou drops one drop half a day later; Tan Shi is hard coming and quickly scatters; Jie Suo scatters chaotically upon touch; Yu Xiang is somewhat present and somewhat absent; Xia You jumps once in stillness.
The Eight Extraordinary Vessels are Yang Wei, Yin Wei, Yang Qiao, Yin Qiao, Chong Mai, Ren Mai, Du Mai, Dai Mai. Disease of Yang Wei suffers from chills and fever; Disease of Yin Wei suffers from heart pain; Disease of Yang Qiao has slack Yin and tight Yang; Disease of Yin Qiao has slack Yang and tight Yin; Disease of Chong has rebellious Qi and interior urgency; Disease of Du has stiff spine and cold extremities; Disease of Ren has internal knottedness, Seven Hernias in men, Masses in women; Disease of Dai has abdominal fullness and waist distension, feeling as if sitting in water.
Wind Stroke favors Chi Fu pulse, avoids Ji Shi pulse. Cold Damage favors Hong Da pulse, avoids Chen Xi pulse. Cough favors Fu Ru pulse, avoids Chen Fu pulse. Abdominal Distension favors Fu Da pulse, avoids Xu Xiao pulse. Diarrhea favors Wei Xiao pulse, avoids Fu Hong pulse. Mania favors Shi Da pulse, avoids Chen Xi pulse. Cholera favors Fu Hong pulse, avoids Wei Chi pulse. Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) favors Shu Da pulse, avoids Xu Xiao pulse. Water Qi favors Fu Da pulse, avoids Chen Xi pulse. Epistaxis favors Chen Xi pulse, avoids Fu Da pulse. Heart/Abdominal Pain favors Chen Xi pulse, avoids Fu Da pulse. Upper Qi Edema favors Fu Hua pulse, avoids Wei Xi pulse. Headache favors Fu Hua pulse, avoids Duan Se pulse. Asthma favors Fu Hua pulse, avoids Se pulse. Hemoptysis favors Chen Ruo pulse, avoids Shi Da pulse. Metal Wounds favor Wei Xi pulse, avoids Jin Shu pulse. Zhong E (Evil Strike) favors Jin Xi pulse, avoids Fu Da pulse. Poisoning favors Shu Da pulse, avoids Wei Xi pulse. Hematemesis favors Chen Xiao pulse, avoids Shi Da pulse. Chang Pi (Intestinal Dysentery) favors Chen Chi pulse, avoids Shu Ji pulse. Internal Injury favors Xian Jin pulse, avoids Xiao Ruo pulse. Feng Bi (Wind Bi) favors Xu Ru pulse, avoids Jin Ji pulse. Warm Disease Fever avoids Wei Xiao pulse. Abdominal Accumulation avoids Xu Ruo pulse. Heat disease avoids Jing (Still) pulse. Diarrhea disease avoids Da (Large) pulse. Fan Wei (Inverted Stomach) favors Fu Huan pulse, avoids Chen Se pulse. Ke Ni (Hiccups/Cough) favors Fu Huan pulse, avoids Xian Ji pulse. All Qi disorders favor Fu Jin pulse, avoid Xu Ruo pulse. Pi Man (Stuffiness/Fullness) favors Hua pulse, avoids Se pulse. Women with Dai Xia (Leukorrhea) favor Chi Hua pulse, avoid Xu Fu pulse. Pregnant women favor Hong Da pulse, avoid Chen Xi pulse. Postpartum women with red face and blue tongue: mother lives, child dies; blue face, blue tongue, foam: mother dies, child lives; blue lips and mouth: both die. Postpartum women favor Xiao Shi pulse, avoid Xu Fu pulse. Women with Labor Deficiency: if Right Cun is Shu, death; Fish-mouth Qi with rapid breathing, death; Grasping clothes and bed, death; Foul breath unapproachable, death; Facial swelling, dark/black complexion, death; Straight hair like hemp, death; Enuresis unaware, death; Rolled tongue and contracted testicles, death; Fixed gaze, death; Lusterless face, black gum roots, death; Sweating with body not cooling, death; Head/Face pain, sudden blindness, death; Black entering ears, eyes, nose, gradually mouth, death; Warm Disease high fever with small/fine pulse, death. Person ill but pulse normal is named Nei Xu (Internal Deficiency). Warm Disease sweating not reaching feet is death. Illness closing eyes avoiding people favors Qiang Ji Er Chang pulse, avoids Fu Duan Er Se pulse. Illness opening eyes with thirst and firm epigastrium favors Jin Shi Er Shu pulse, avoids Fu Se Er Wei pulse. Illness with hematemesis and epistaxis favors Chen Xi pulse, avoids Fu Da Er Lao pulse. Illness with delirious speech and body heat favors Hong Da pulse, avoids cold extremities with Xi Wei pulse. Illness with large abdomen and diarrhea favors Wei Xi Er Se pulse, avoids Jin Da Er Hua pulse.
All wind, tremors, and dizziness belong to the Liver. All cold, contraction, and drawing-in belong to the Kidney. All dampness, swelling, and fullness belong to the Spleen. All Wei, asthma, and vomiting belong to the Stomach. All pain, itching, and sores belong to the Heart. Emaciation, wasting, fever, and firm/tight pulse indicate death. All heat, confusion, and convulsions belong to Fire, in the Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian. (Confusion is Hun; Convulsion is Trembling.) All inhibition, shivering, like losing spiritual control, belong to Fire, in the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian. (Inhibition is Cold.) All rebellious Qi rushing upward belong to Fire, in the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian. All spasms and stiffness belong to Dampness, in the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian. All abdominal distension and enlargement belong to Heat, in the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian. All dryness, mania, and recklessness belong to Fire, in the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian. All sudden stiffness belong to Wind, in the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian. All diseases with sounds, drumming like a drum, belong to Heat, in the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian. All diseases with foot swelling, soreness, pain, fright, and horror belong to Fire, in the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. (Foot swelling means all feet swollen.) All turning,反戾 (twisting/backward bending), and turbid body fluids belong to Heat, in the Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian. All diseases with body fluids, clear and cold, belong to Cold, in the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. All vomiting, acid regurgitation, sudden diarrhea, and tenesmus belong to Heat, in the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. (Sudden diarrhea is abrupt evacuation; Tenesmus is urgency and heaviness in the rectum.)
Five Deficiencies are: Fine pulse, cold skin, little Qi, diarrhea/incontinence, inability to eat/drink. (If millet porridge enters the stomach and diarrhea stops, there is life.) Five Excesses are: Surging pulse, hot skin, abdominal distension, blockage of urination/defecation, stifled confusion. (If purged, and urination/defecation become smooth and sweat occurs, there is life.) Five Victories: Qi victory causes movement, Heat victory causes swelling, Dryness victory causes dryness, Cold victory causes...