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The *Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) states that when the Lung is cold, external and internal pathogens combine. When these pathogens lodge in the body, they result in Lung Cough (Fei Ke). If mild, it manifests as coughing; if severe, it leads to pain and diarrhea. However, coughs are not exclusive to the Lung; all Zang and Fu organs can be involved in coughing. This is because the Lung governs the skin and hair (Pimao), so pathogens first invade the Lung. The presentation of Lung Cough includes coughing with wheezing and audible sounds; in severe cases, hemoptysis (coughing up blood) occurs. The presentation of Heart Cough includes coughing accompanied by heart pain, a sensation of obstruction in the throat as if something were stuck; in severe cases, sore throat and throat bi syndrome occur. The presentation of Liver Cough includes coughing with pain in both hypochondriac regions; in severe cases, turning the body is impossible, and turning causes fullness in the hypochondriac regions. The presentation of Spleen Cough includes coughing with pain in the right hypochondriac region radiating to the shoulder and back; in severe cases, movement is impossible, and movement exacerbates the cough. The presentation of Kidney Cough includes coughing with pulling pain between the waist and back; in severe cases, salivation is coughed up. If coughs from the five Zang organs persist for a long time without healing, they transmit to the six Fu organs according to their interior-exterior relationships. Thus, Spleen transmits to the Stomach, Liver to the Gallbladder, Lung to the Large Intestine, Heart to the Small Intestine, and Kidney to the Bladder. Ultimately, it transmits to the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). The presentation of Stomach Cough includes coughing with vomiting; in severe cases, roundworms may be expelled. The presentation of Gallbladder Cough includes coughing with vomiting of bile. The presentation of Large Intestine Cough includes coughing with involuntary defecation. The presentation of Small Intestine Cough includes coughing with flatus, where gas is expelled along with the cough. The presentation of Bladder Cough includes coughing with urinary incontinence. As for Sanjiao Cough, it presents with coughing accompanied by abdominal fullness and loss of appetite, causing excessive phlegm and saliva, and edema of the face and eyes. There is also what is called "Ten Kinds of Cough." Although the syndromes vary, they ultimately do not depart from the five Zang and six Fu organs. Palpating the Hand-Yangming meridian: if the pulse is floating, it indicates excess Yang, manifesting as abdominal fullness and frequent wheezing and coughing. Ancients stated that for coughing with floating pulse and wheezing, the prognosis is good; for sinking and hidden pulses, the prognosis is poor; for floating and straight pulses, the prognosis is good; for sinking and choppy pulses, the prognosis is poor. Differentiation is made based on the pulse characteristics.

It is said that the Lung governs the skin and hair. When the skin and hair are first invaded by cold pathogens, coughing ensues. The Qi of the five Zang and six Fu organs is derived from the Lung. Therefore, when each organ is affected by cold pathogens during its corresponding season, it can also cause coughing. Since the physical signs and syndromes differ, treatments must vary accordingly. Students should examine this carefully.

**Sangbaipi Tang (Mulberry Root Bark Decoction)** for treating cough, chest fullness, and shortness of breath:
*Sanggenbaidi* (Cortex Morii Radicis, sliced), *Zisu* (Perilla Stem and Leaves with stem and leaves), *Zhimu* (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, roasted), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, core removed and stir-fried), *Kudonghua* (Flos Farfarae), *Banxia* (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum, washed seven times with decoction, then dried), *Wuweizi* (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis).
These ten ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take three qianbi per dose, add one sheng of water and three slices of fresh ginger, decoct until reduced to 70%, strain, and take warm. Administer three times daily.

**Beimu Wan (Fritillaria Pill)** for treating cough and upper jiao irritability and fullness:
*Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, core removed and stir-fried), *Baifuling* (Poria Cum Ramo et Mycelium, black skin removed), *Maimendong* (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici, core removed and roasted), *Shanyu* (Tuber Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae), *Baihe* (Bulbus Lilii, each 1 fen), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, honey-roasted and sliced), *Ejiao* (Colla Corii Asini, honey-roasted until dry).
These eight ingredients are pounded into fine powder. Melt 1 liang 2 qian of yellow beeswax, mix with the powder, and form pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose, decoct in one sheng of water until reduced to 70%, swallow warm with saliva slowly.

**Gejie San ( Gecko Powder)** for treating cough and throat discomfort:
*Gejie* (Gecko, one pair, male and female with complete head and tail, free of worms, washed clean and dried), *Pipaye* (Leaf Loquat, hairs wiped off, 3 fen), *Chaihu* (Radix Bupleuri, roots removed, 0.5 liang), *Ziwan* (Herba Asteris Tatarici, washed clean and dried, 3 liang), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, core removed and stir-fried, 1 liang), *Renshen* (Radix Ginseng, 0.5 liang), *Lujiaojiao* (Corium Cornu Cervi Dried, honey-roasted until dry, 3 fen).
These seven ingredients are pounded into fine powder. Take one pear, peel and slice finely, grind in a clean vessel, filter the natural juice through raw silk into a silver vessel. Add half a qianbi of the powder to the pear juice, simmer over low heat for three to five boils, then remove. Take after meals and before bed. Lie supine without a pillow for about the duration of a meal.

**Heiling Wan (Black Spirit Pill)** for treating cough, effective regardless of duration or chronicity:
*Qianghuo* (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, rhizome removed), *Duhuo* (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, rhizome removed, each 1 fen), *Badou* (Semen Crotonis Tiglii, 30 seeds, skin not removed).
These three ingredients are pounded into fine powder, mixed with refined honey, and formed into pills the size of a paulownia seed. Take one pill per dose, swallowed with Madouliding Yin.

**Madouliding Yin (Dutchmanspipe Drink)**:
*Madouliding* (Fructus Aristolochiae, 0.5 liang), *Gui* (Ramulus Cinnamomi, outer bark removed, 1 fen), *Tiantingli* (Semen Lepidii Descurainiae, slightly stir-fried, 0.5 liang).
These three ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take one qianbi per dose, add one sheng of water, decoct until reduced to 80%, strain, and take with the previous pill. Sip the remaining liquid occasionally to keep the medicinal qi in the throat.

**Ejiao Tang (Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction)** for treating cough:
*Ejiao* (Colla Corii Asini, stir-fried until dry), *Sanggenbaidi* (Cortex Morii Radicis, sliced and stir-fried), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, honey-roasted and sliced, each 1 liang), *Wulingzhi* (Faeces Trogopterori, stir-fried), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, core removed and stir-fried), *Zhimu* (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, sliced and roasted, each 0.5 liang).
These six ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take three qianbi per dose, add one sheng of water, one sour plum, and three slices of fresh ginger, decoct until reduced to 70%, strain, and take orally.

**Baibu Jian (Stemona Decoction Paste)** for treating persistent cough:
*Baibuzhi* (Juice of Rhizoma Stemoniae), *Shengdihuangzhi* (Juice of Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Fresh), *Shengjiangzhi* (Juice of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), *Shengbaihezhi* (Juice of Bulbus Lilii Fresh, substitute with lotus root juice if unavailable), *Mi* (Honey, each one sheng), *Zao* (Fructus Jujubae, 4 liang, peeled and pitted).
These six ingredients are boiled together into a paste. Take one spoon per dose, dissolve in half a sheng of warm Ophiopogon decoction. Take on an empty stomach, at noon, and before bed.

**Xingren Jian (Apricot Kernel Decoction Paste)** for treating cough, regardless of timing:
*Xingren* (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, soaked in water, skin and tip removed, double-kernel, stir-fried), *Mahuang* (Herba Ephedrae, roots and nodes not removed), *Dahuang* (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, sliced and stir-fried), *Chaihu* (Radix Bupleuri, roots removed), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, honey-roasted and sliced), *Gui* (Ramulus Cinnamomi, outer bark removed, equal parts).
These six ingredients are pounded and ground into fine powder. First, boil one dou of water with the powder. When the water is exhausted, immediately add five sheng more, decoct until proper consistency, filter through raw silk, and further reduce to a paste. Store in a porcelain vessel. Take a piece the size of a soap pod before bed, dissolve in mouth and swallow saliva.

**Fangji Wan (Stephania Pill)** for treating cough, regardless of new or old onset:
*Fangji* (Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae), *Xingren* (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, soaked in water, skin and tip removed, double-kernel, stir-fried), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, core removed and roasted), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, honey-roasted and sliced, each 2 liang), *Tiantingli* (Semen Lepidii Descurainiae, stir-fried, 4 liang).
These five ingredients are pounded into fine powder, bound with wheat paste, and formed into pills the size of mung beans. Take twenty pills per dose, swallowed with ginger soup.

**Baibu Wan (Stemona Pill)** for treating cough:
*Baibu* (Rhizoma Stemoniae, stir-fried on a new tile), *Ziwan* (Herba Asteris Tatarici, roots and soil removed), *Kudonghua* (Flos Farfarae, selected and washed, each 1.5 liang), *Jiegeng* (Radix Platycodonis, stir-fried), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, core removed and stir-fried, each 1 liang).
These five ingredients are pounded into fine powder, mixed with refined honey, and formed into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, swallowed with decoction of Gancao and Wuweizi. Take after meals and before bed.

**Wenfei Wan (Warm Lung Pill)** for treating cold qi stagnating in the Lung and cough:
*Ganjiang* (Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum, 1.5 liang), *Zhaojia* (Spica Gleditsiae Sinensis, skin removed and honey-roasted until yellow), *Chenjuapi* (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, soaked in water, white pith removed and roasted), *Baifuling* (Poria Cum Ramo et Mycelium, black skin removed, each 0.5 liang).
These four ingredients are pounded into fine powder, mixed with refined honey, and formed into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, swallowed with ginger soup. Time is unrestricted.

**Taoren Wan (Peach Kernel Pill)** for treating cough:
*Taoren* (Semen Persicae), *Xingren* (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, these two ingredients soaked in water, skin and tip removed, double-kernel, finely ground, each 1 liang), *Kudonghua* (Flos Farfarae), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, these two ingredients each 1 liang, pounded into fine powder and mixed with the previously ground medicines).
First, melt 1 liang of rock sugar in a pot, add the medicine, and cook until yellow and ripe. Pound in a mortar to form pills the size of bullets. Take one pill per dose, dissolve in mouth and swallow saliva.

**Chenxiang Tang (Agarwood Decoction)** for treating cough due to weak Qi and phlegm-saliva:
*Chenxiang* (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum), *Ejiao* (Colla Corii Asini, honey-roasted until dry, each 0.5 liang), *Renshen* (Radix Ginseng), *Sanggenbaidi* (Cortex Morii Radicis, sliced and stir-fried, each 1 liang).
These four ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take two qianbi per dose, add one sheng of water and three slices of fresh ginger, decoct until reduced to 70%, strain, and take after meals. Reduce dose by half for children.

**Beimu San (Fritillaria Powder)** for treating cough:
*Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, ten large ones, core removed, stir-fried with bran until yellow), *Ejiao* (Colla Corii Asini, honey-roasted until dry), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, honey-roasted and sliced, each 0.5 liang).
These three ingredients are pounded into fine powder. Take two qianbi per dose, swallow before bed with rice gruel decoction. Lie supine without a pillow after taking.

**Yuye Tang (Jade Fluid Decoction)** for treating cough, resolving phlegm-saliva, and benefiting the chest and diaphragm:
*Tianxinxing* (Rhizoma Arisaematis Cum Bile, processed), *Banxia* (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum, washed seven times with water to remove slipperiness, each 1 liang).
These two ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take two qianbi per dose, add one sheng of water and five slices of fresh ginger, decoct until reduced to 70%, strain, and let cool to warm. Sip slowly after meals and before sleep.

**Shiwei San (Pyrosia Powder)** for treating cough:
*Shiwei* (Folium Pyrrosiae, hairs removed), *Binglang* (Semen Arecae, sliced, equal parts).
These two ingredients are pounded into fine powder. Take two qianbi per dose, mixed with ginger soup.

**Kudonghua Xun (Farfara Smoke Inhalation)** for treating Lung deficiency and chronic cough:
*Kudonghua* (Flos Farfarae), *Mubiezi* (Semen Momordicae, each 1 liang).
Finely slice these two ingredients. Take two qianbi per dose, burn as incense cake over low heat, inhale the smoke for a long time, and expectorate phlegm. Perform this fumigation five to six times. After each session, moisten the throat with tea water, then take Lung-tonifying medicine.

**Jiaochi Tang (Gelatin and Fermented Soybean Decoction)** for treating chronic cough that does not heal:
*Niupijiao* (Colla Corii Bovis, yellow and bright, honey-roasted and powdered), *Renshen* (Radix Ginseng, powdered).
Take one qianbi of gelatin powder and two qianbi of Ginseng powder per dose. Add one sheng of thin fermented soybean juice and one cun of scallion white, boil for one or two boils, strain, and keep warm. Sip three to five times when coughing occurs. Re-warm as needed and take again when coughing.

**Helile San (Chebula Powder)** for treating cough:
*Helile* (Fructus Chebulae, as much as needed, firm ones, processed熟, pitted).
Powder this single ingredient. Take two qianbi per dose. Take one segment of pig intestine, remove fat, split open, insert the powder, add one broken sour plum, wrap tightly with banana leaf, and wrap externally with wet paper multiple layers. Roast until fragrant and cooked. Remove paper, leaf, and plum. Chew the medicine and intestine slowly. Take two to three times daily.

**Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction)** for treating cough that decreases during day and increases at night, insomnia, and vomiting upon eating:
*Wuweizi* (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), *Jilizi* (Semen Tribuli, stir-fried and thorns removed), *Mahuang* (Herba Ephedrae, roots and nodes removed, stir-fried, foam swept off, roasted), *Sanggenbaidi* (Cortex Morii Radicis, sliced), *Baishizhi* (Alumen Rubrum), *Xingren* (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, skin and tip removed, double-kernel, stir-fried), *Baihe* (Bulbus Lilii, each 1.5 liang), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, baked, core removed), *Kudonghua* (Flos Farfarae), *Zhiqiao* (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, pulp removed, stir-fried with bran), *Ziwan* (Herba Asteris Tatarici, roots and soil removed), *Chaihu* (Radix Bupleuri, roots removed, each 1 liang).
These fourteen ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take five qianbi per dose, add one and a half sheng of water, five slices of fresh ginger, and fifty grains of Jingmi, decoct until reduced to 80%, strain, and take warm. Time is unrestricted.

**Wuweizi San (Schisandra Powder)** for treating cough, nasal congestion with clear discharge, tremors, weakness, shortness of breath, and frequent urge to vomit:
*Wuweizi* (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), *Huangqi* (Radix Astragali Membranacei, finely sliced, each 3 fen), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, honey-roasted and sliced, 1 fen), *Renshen* (Radix Ginseng), *Gui* (Ramulus Cinnamomi, outer bark removed), *Qianghuo* (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, rhizome removed), *Ganjiang* (Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum, processed), *Xixin* (Herba Asari, equal parts).
These ten ingredients are pounded into powder. Take two qianbi per dose, mixed with ginger and sour plum soup.

**Feihan Tang (Lung Cold Decoction)** for treating Lung and Stomach deficiency-cold, profuse cough with phlegm, wheezing sounds, vomiting of retained fluids, dry and painful throat, upper jiao asthma and fullness, facial edema, spontaneous sweating, aversion to wind, hoarse voice, cold back and middle, palpitations, hiccups, nausea, and inability to eat:
*Kudonghua* (Flos Farfarae), *Ziwan* (Herba Asteris Tatarici, soil removed), *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, honey-roasted), *Gui* (Ramulus Cinnamomi, outer bark removed), *Mahuang* (Herba Ephedrae, nodes removed), *Ganjiang* (Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum, processed), *Wuweizi* (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), *Xingren* (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, soaked in water, skin and tip removed, equal parts).
These ten ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take three qianbi per dose, add one sheng of water, five slices of fresh ginger, and three cracked dates, decoct until reduced to 70%, strain, and take warm. Time is unrestricted.

**Gejie Wan (Gecko Pill)** for treating cough with asthma and urgency:
*Gejiesu* (Gecko fried in oil, one pair), *Tinglizi* (Semen Lepidii Descurainiae, stir-fried on paper, separately ground), *Xingren* (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, soaked in water, skin and tip removed, double-kernel, stir-fried, each 2 liang), *Kudonghua* (Flos Farfarae), *Beimu* (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, core removed, equal parts).
These seven ingredients: except for Tinglizi and Xingren, pound the rest into powder. Grind Tinglizi and Xingren separately and mix evenly. Bind with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills after meals, swallowed with Sangbaipi Tang decoction.