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Liu'an Decoction (New Collection No. 2) Erchen Tang (Two-Chen Decoction, Harmonizing Category No. 1) Jinshui Liujun Decoction (Golden Water Six-Gentleman Decoction, New Harmonizing Category No. 1) Shenru Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink, Dispersing Category No. 34) Chonghe San (Harmonizing Powder, Dispersing Category No. 80) Xiaofeng Baijie San (Eliminating Wind Hundred-Resolving Powder, Dispersing Category No. 46) Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction, Dispersing Category No. 9) Chaichen Jian (Bupleurum and Chenpi Decoction, New Dispersing Category No. 9) Jufang Shenzhu San (Prescribed Formulas' Divine Power Powder, Dispersing Category No. 65) Xiaoqinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction, Dispersing Category No. 8) Jinfeicao San (Golden Chrysanthemum Herb Powder, Dispersing Category No. 81) Jufang Qianghuo San (Prescribed Formulas' Notopterygium Powder, Dispersing Category No. 86) Chuanxiong Chatiao San (Ligusticum Tea-Regulating Powder, Dispersing Category No. 64)

San'ao Tang (Three-Unobstructed Decoction, Dispersing Category No. 78, for nasal congestion and cough) Huagai San (Canopy Powder, Dispersing Category No. 79, for cough)

The "Treatise on Bi Syndrome" (Bi Lun) states: The three pathogens of wind, cold, and dampness mix together and combine to form Bi syndrome (Obstruction Syndrome). When wind is predominant, it is called Xing Bi (Wandering Bi); when cold is predominant, it is called Tong Bi (Painful Bi); when dampness is predominant, it is called Zhuo Bi (Fixed Bi). The Yellow Emperor asked: Why are there five types? Qibo replied: Encountering this in winter results in Gu Bi (Bone Bi); encountering it in spring results in Jin Bi (Sinew Bi); encountering it in summer results in Mai Bi (Vessel Bi); encountering it during the late summer (the time of extreme yin) results in Ji Bi (Muscle Bi); encountering it in autumn results in Pi Bi (Skin Bi). The Yellow Emperor asked: What causes the internal transmission to the zang and fu organs? Qibo said: Each zang organ has its corresponding tissue. If the disease persists without resolving, the pathogen internally transmits to its corresponding zang organ. Thus, if Gu Bi does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed to pathogens, the pathogen internally transmits to the Kidney. If Jin Bi does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, the pathogen internally transmits to the Liver. If Mai Bi does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, the pathogen internally transmits to the Heart. If Ji Bi does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, the pathogen internally transmits to the Spleen. If Pi Bi does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, the pathogen internally transmits to the Lung. This is what is meant by Bi syndrome: contracting wind, cold, and dampness again during their respective seasons.

The "Treatise on Bi Syndrome" also states: Regarding Bi pathogens residing in the five zang organs: In Fei Bi (Lung Bi), symptoms include vexation, fullness, wheezing, and vomiting. In Xin Bi (Heart Bi), blood vessels are obstructed; with vexation, there is palpitation like drumming below the heart; sudden upward rushing of qi with wheezing; dry throat and frequent belching; when rebellious qi rushes upward, there is fear. In Gan Bi (Liver Bi), there is fright during sleep at night, excessive drinking, frequent urination, and upper abdominal distension resembling pregnancy. In Shen Bi (Kidney Bi), there is frequent bloating, walking with the buttocks touching the ground instead of the heels, and the spine rising up replacing the head. In Pi Bi (Spleen Bi), there is flaccidity and weakness of the four limbs, onset of cough with vomiting of saliva, and severe obstruction in the upper body. In Chang Bi (Intestinal Bi), there is frequent drinking but inability to urinate, rumbling of qi in the middle jiao, and occasional diarrhea with undigested food. In Bao Bi (Bladder Bi), pressing the lower abdomen and bladder area causes internal pain, feeling as if scalded by hot water, with difficult and scanty urination, and clear mucus flowing from the nose above.

Yin qi, when quiet, stores the spirit; when agitated, the spirit dissipates. Doubling food intake injures the stomach and intestines. Excessive pathogenic qi causing wheezing gathers Bi in the Lung. Excessive pathogenic qi causing worry and thought gathers Bi in the Heart. Excessive pathogenic qi causing enuresis gathers Bi in the Kidney. Excessive pathogenic qi causing exhaustion gathers Bi in the Liver. Excessive pathogenic qi causing muscle atrophy gathers Bi in the Spleen. All bi syndromes, if unresolving, will gradually transmit inward. Those with predominant wind are easily cured.

In the "Treatise on Bi Syndrome," the Yellow Emperor asked: Some bi patients die, some suffer long-term pain, and some recover easily. What is the reason? Qibo said: Those whose pathogen enters the zang organs die; those whose pathogen lingers between sinews and bones suffer long-term pain. Those whose pathogen remains in the skin recover easily. The Yellow Emperor asked: What about pathogens residing in the six fu organs? It was answered: This is also because improper diet and living habits serve as the root of the disease. Each fu organ has its shu points. Wind, cold, and dampness strike these shu points, and dietary responses correspond to them. The pathogen follows the shu points inward and resides in the respective fu organs. The Yellow Emperor asked: Why do some bi syndromes hurt, some not; some have numbness, some cold, some heat, some dryness, some dampness? It was answered: Pain is due to excess cold; the presence of cold causes pain. Non-painful numbness occurs because the disease is deep and chronic, causing sluggish circulation of Ying and Wei qi, and periodic emptiness in the meridians, hence no pain. Skin numbness occurs because the skin lacks nourishment. Cold sensations occur because yang qi is deficient and yin qi is abundant, reinforcing the pathological cold. Heat sensations occur because yang qi is abundant and yin qi is deficient; the pathogenic qi prevails, and yang is constrained by yin, resulting in Bi-heat. Profuse sweating and dampness occur because of severe dampness exposure; with deficient yang and abundant yin, the two qi interact, causing sweating and dampness. The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does bi sometimes not hurt? It was answered: Bi in bone causes heaviness; in vessels, blood coagulates and stagnates; in sinews, flexion without extension; in flesh, numbness; in skin, cold. Possessing all five conditions results in no pain. Generally, bi contracts in cold and relaxes in heat. The Yellow Emperor said: Good.

In the "Zhou Bi Chapter," the Yellow Emperor asked: I wish to hear about Zhong Bi (Multiple Bi). Qibo said: These occur in specific locations, alternating in onset and cessation, alternating in rest and rise, with right corresponding to left and left to right, not circulating universally, but alternating in activity and rest. To needle this, even if pain has ceased, one must needle the affected site to prevent recurrence. The Yellow Emperor asked: What about Zhou Bi (Circulating Bi)? It was said: Zhou Bi resides within the blood vessels, moving up and down with the meridians, not spreading left or right, but staying in its proper place. The Yellow Emperor asked: How to needle this? It was said: For pain moving from top to bottom, first needle below to intercept it, then needle above to eliminate it. For pain moving from bottom to top, first needle above to intercept it, then needle below to eliminate it. The Yellow Emperor asked: How does this pain arise, and why is it named so? It was said: Wind, cold, and dampness lodge between the muscle intervals, forcing fluids to condense into foam. Foam aggregates in cold, pushing apart the muscle fibers and causing separation. Separation causes pain. Pain draws the spirit (shen) to the area. The spirit's presence generates heat. Heat resolves the pain. Pain resolution leads to qi reversal, which triggers other bi sites. This condition is neither internal to the zang nor external on the skin, but resides solely in the muscle intervals, where true qi cannot circulate fully, hence named Zhou Bi.

The "Chang Ci Jie Treatise" states: Disease in sinews with spasms and joint pain, preventing walking, is named Jin Bi. Disease in skin and muscle with widespread pain, named Ji Bi, is caused by cold and dampness injury. Disease in bone with heaviness and inability to lift, bone marrow soreness, and arrival of cold qi, is named Gu Bi.

The "Shou Yao Gang Rou Chapter" states: Disease in yang is named Feng (Wind); disease in yin is named Bi; disease in both yin and yang is named Feng Bi. Disease with form but no pain belongs to yang; disease without form but with pain belongs to yin. Formless pain indicates intact yang and injured yin; urgently treat yin, do not attack yang. Formless lack of pain indicates intact yin and injured yang; urgently treat yang, do not attack yin. If both yin and yang move, appearing and disappearing intermittently, accompanied by vexation, it is named Yin prevailing over Yang, meaning neither exterior nor interior, and the condition will not last long.

The "Wu Xie Chapter" states: Pathogen in the Kidney causes bone pain and Yin Bi. Yin Bi presents as tenderness that cannot be located by pressure, abdominal distension, lower back pain, difficulty defecating, shoulder/back/neck pain, and occasional vertigo. Select Yongquan (KI 1) and Kunlun (BL 60); if blood stasis is visible, drain it completely.

The "Zang Wu Sheng Cheng Chapter" states: Sleeping and exiting into wind causes blood to coagulate in the skin, forming Bi; coagulation in vessels forms Qi (stagnation); coagulation in the feet forms Jue (Cold Extremities). These three result from blood flow failing to return to its apertures, thus forming Bi and Jue.

The "Mai Yao Jing Wei Chapter" states: Pressing to the bone reveals weak pulse qi, indicating lower back/spine pain and body Bi.

The "Jiu Zhen Chapter" states: Eight winds injuring humans lodge deeply in bone joints, waist, spine, and interstices, forming Deep Bi. Therefore, treatment needles must have long bodies and sharp tips to reach deep pathogens and distant Bi.

The "Si Shi Qi Chapter" states: If Zhuo Bi persists and chronic cold remains, suddenly select Zusanli (ST 36).

The "Yu Ji Zhen Zang Chapter" states: Wind and cold lodging in humans cause all hair to stand erect and skin pores to close, generating heat. At this time, diaphoresis can be induced. If untreated, the pathogen lodges in the Lung, named Fei Bi, manifesting as cough and rebellious qi. If untreated, the Lung transmits to the Liver, named Gan Bi or Jue, manifesting as hypochondriac pain and vomiting. At this stage, massage or ear pricking may be used.

The "Zang Wu Sheng Cheng Treatise" states: A red pulse arriving rapid and firm indicates accumulated qi in the middle, interfering with eating, named Xin Bi (Heart Bi). Acquired from external illness, mental overwork causes Heart deficiency, allowing pathogen entry. A white pulse arriving rapid and floating, with upper deficiency and lower excess, fright, accumulated qi in the chest, wheezing and deficiency, is named Fei Bi (Lung Bi), with chills and fever, acquired from intercourse after drunkenness. A green pulse arriving long and pulsating left and right, with accumulated qi supporting under the heart, is named Gan Bi (Liver Bi), acquired from cold and dampness, treated similarly to Hernia, with lower back pain, cold feet, and headache. A yellow pulse arriving large and deficient, with accumulated qi in the abdomen and rebellious qi, is named Jue Shan (Rebellious Hernia), same method for women, acquired from vigorous limb movement and wind exposure while sweating. A black pulse arriving firm and large above, with accumulated qi in the lower abdomen and genitals, is named Shen Bi (Kidney Bi), acquired from bathing in cold water and lying down.

In the "Ni Diao Chapter," the Yellow Emperor asked: The body is not cold from clothing, nor is there external cold, yet cold arises from within. Why? Qibo said: This person has much Bi qi, deficient yang and abundant yin, so the body feels cold as if emerging from water. One water cannot overcome two fires, so there is no shivering, and the disease is named Gu Bi (Bone Bi). (See detailed discussion on Cold and Heat chapters.)