经曰∶肝者，将军之官，谋虑出焉。
又曰∶肝者，干也。其性多动而少静，好干犯他脏者也。
又曰∶肝居膈下，并胃，着脊之九椎。
又曰∶其合筋也，其荣爪也，主藏魂，开窍于目，其系上络心肺，下亦无窍也。
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《难经》曰∶肝重四斤四两，左三叶，右四叶，凡七叶。
滑伯仁曰∶肝之为脏，其治在左，其脏在左胁左肾之前，并胃着脊之第九椎也。
经曰∶足厥阴经肝。
又曰∶是经多血少气。
又曰∶丑时气血注于肝。
《黄庭经》曰∶人身神名曰肝神，龙烟字含明。
《灵枢》曰∶目者，肝之官也，肝病者 青。
经曰∶肝者，在天为风，在地为木，在人为肝，通窍于眼，在时为春，在方为东，在色为青。
经曰∶东方木也，万物所以始生也。
又曰∶脏真散于肝，肝藏筋膜之气也。肾水为母，心火为子，与胆为腑，克土养筋，故久行则伤筋。
司藏魂，其类草木，其畜鸡，（一作犬。）其虫为毛，其果为李，其菜为韭，其卦震，（生数三，成数
八。一作巽。）其性仁，其充筋，其华爪，其谷麦（一作麻。）其应四时，上为岁星，是以春气在头也。
其音角，角者触也，象阳气触动而生也，其数八，其病在筋，其臭臊，其声呼，在变
动为握，其气嘘，其液泪，其味酸，有余怒，不足悲，外应爪甲，色青欲如青玉光泽，不欲如蓝。
《灵枢》曰∶爪浓者，胆亦浓。更肝主风，风喜伤肝，病主惊风，痘主水泡，若
恚怒气逆则伤肝气，若燥气盛则病，其病候面青筋急多怒，眼痛目闭，不欲见人，或
两目连札，脐左动气，若肝实则直视大叫，呵欠项急，顿闷目赤多怒，头眩痛引两胁
小腹之下。若虚则目昏胸痛，切牙吹气，筋缩拘挛，恐惧如人将捕。若绝则唇腮反青，
四肢多汗，然肝绝者，八日死。平脉则春旺七十二日，脉弦缓而长。然春弦者，端
直之状，细弱而长，其贼脉则浮涩而短，与夫面白亦逆其危，脉弦如张弓弦。
又曰∶肝生于左。
又曰∶肝主春，其日甲乙，东方生风，风生木，木生酸，酸生肝，肝为阴中之少阳，通于春气。
《灵枢》曰∶肝者主为将，使之候外，欲短坚固，视目大小。
又曰∶肝小则脏安，无胁下之病；肝大则逼胃迫咽，苦膈中，且胁下痛。肝高
则上支贲，切胁 ，为息贲；肝下则逼胃，胁下空，易受邪。肝坚则脏安难伤；肝脆
则善病消瘅易伤。肝端正则和利难伤；肝偏倾则胁下痛。
又曰∶有所坠堕，恶血留内，有所大怒，气上不下，积于胁下则伤肝。
又曰∶邪在肝，则两胁中痛，寒中恶血在内。
又曰∶大怒气逆则伤肝。
又曰∶肝藏血，血舍魂。肝气虚则恐；实则两胁下痛引小腹，善怒。虚则目KT KT
无所见，耳无所闻，善恐，如人将捕状。
《难经》曰∶恚怒气逆，上而不下，则伤肝。又曰∶外证善洁，面青善怒，内证
脐左有动气，按之牢若痛，其病四肢满闭淋涩，便难转筋，有是者肝也，无是者非也。
《内经》曰∶肝病者，两胁下痛引小腹，令人善怒。肺传之肝，病名曰肝瘅。一名
曰厥，胁痛出食。肝热者色苍而爪枯。
又曰∶肝藏血，血有余则怒，不足则恐。
又曰∶大骨枯槁，大肉陷下，胸中气满，腹内痛，心中不便，肩项身热，破 脱肉，目眶陷，真脏见，目
不见人立死，其见人者，至其所不胜之时，则死。（注曰∶此肝之藏也。所不胜之时，谓庚辛之日也。）
《入门》曰∶人动则血运于诸经，静则血归于肝脏，肝主血海故也。
经曰∶病在肝，愈于愈，夏不愈，甚于秋，秋不死，持于冬，起于春。
又曰∶肝病者，愈在丙丁，丙丁不愈，加于庚辛，庚辛不死，持于壬癸，起于甲乙。
又曰∶肝病者，平朝慧，下晡甚，夜半静。
又曰∶肝苦急，急食甘以缓之，甘草；宜食粳米、牛肉、枣葵。（注曰∶肝苦急，是其气
有余也。肝欲散，急食辛以散之，川芎；肝虚以生姜、陈皮之类补之。）
肝绝候。
《灵枢》曰∶足厥阴气绝，则筋绝。厥阴者，肝脉也。肝者，筋之合也。筋者聚于阴器，而络于舌本也。
故脉不荣则筋急，筋急则引舌与卵，故唇青舌卷卵缩，则筋先死，庚日笃，辛日死。
又曰∶厥阴终者，中热嗌干，善尿，心烦甚，则舌卷卵上缩而终矣。
仲景曰∶唇吻反青，四肢 习。（伸缩也。）汗出者，此为肝绝也。
《脉经》曰∶肝绝，八日死。何以知之？面青但欲伏眠，而不见人，汗出如水不止。
怒而动血者，属肝。
自两胁逆上吐血者，属肝。
血吐水碗中，沉者，是肝也。
经曰∶腹为阴，阴中之阳，肝也。肝为牡脏，牡者，阳也。
又曰∶膝者，筋之府，屈伸不能行，则偻俯，筋将惫矣。
又曰∶诸风掉眩，皆属于肝。
太乙真人曰∶莫嗔怒，养肝气。
经曰∶肝在志为怒，怒伤肝，悲胜怒。
丹溪曰∶怒伤肝者，以忧（一作悲。）胜之，以恐解之。
《灵枢》曰∶两精相薄，谓之神，随神往来，谓之魂。
经曰∶暴怒伤阴。
又曰∶大怒则形气绝，而血菀于上，使人薄厥。
又曰∶血并于上，气并于下，心烦惋善怒。
又曰∶怒则气上。
又曰∶怒则气逆，甚则呕血及飧泄矣。
（注云∶怒则阳气逆上，而肝木乘脾，故呕血及飧泄也。）
经曰∶肝者，罢极之本，魂之居也。
又曰∶肝青象木，肝得水而沉；木得水而浮；何也？然肝者非为纯木也，乙角
也，庚之柔。大言阴与阳，小言夫与妇，释其微阳而吸其微阴之气，其意乐，金又行
阴道多，故令肝得水而沉也。肝熟而复浮，故知乙当归甲也。
又曰∶木王于春，相于冬，废于夏，囚于季夏，死于秋，其王日甲乙，王时平旦
日出，其困日戊己，困时食时日中，其死日庚辛，死时晡时日入。（晡音逋，申时。）
又曰∶病发惊骇。
又曰∶风气通于肝。
又曰∶精气并于肝则忧。
又曰∶肝恶风。
又曰∶久行伤筋，劳伤肝也。
又曰∶损其肝者，缓其中。
又曰∶肝俞在脊九椎旁；募在乳下期门。
又曰∶肝热病者，左颊先赤。
又曰∶肝气虚则恐，实则怒。
又曰∶肝热病小便先黄，腹痛多卧身热，热争则狂言及惊，胁满痛，手足躁，不
得安卧，庚辛甚，甲乙大汗，气逆则庚辛死，刺足厥阴少阳。
又曰∶邪在肝则两胁痛，中寒中恶血在内， 善 ，节肘肿。（ 音记，狂也。）
又曰∶肝胀者，胁下满而痛引小腹。
又曰∶肝水者，腹大不能自转侧，两胁下腹中痛，时时津液微生，小便续通。
又曰∶肝着者，其病患常欲蹈其胸上，先未若时，但欲饮热。（着，本病也。若时，指病时也。）
又曰∶肝疟者，令人色苍苍然太息，其状若死者，刺足厥阴见血。
又曰∶脾移寒于肝，痈肿筋挛。
又曰∶脾移热于肝，则为惊衄。
又曰∶肝咳之状，咳则两胁下痛，甚则不可以转，转则两 下满。
又曰∶肝风之状，多汗恶风，善悲，色微苍，嗌干善怒，时憎女子，诊在目下，其色青。
又曰∶肝痹者，夜卧则惊，多饮数小便，上引小腹，如怀妊状。
又曰∶肝病主胸中喘，怒骂，其脉沉，胸中窒，欲令推，按之有热，鼻窒。（推，荡也，挤也。）
又曰∶凡有所坠堕，恶血留内。若有所大怒，气上而不下，积于左胁下则伤肝；
肝伤者，其人脱肉不卧，口欲得张，时时手足青，目瞑，瞳人痛。
又曰∶肝气虚则梦园苑生花草，盛则梦怒，厥气客于肝，则梦山林树木。
又曰∶肝脉搏坚而长，色不青，当病坠；若搏因血在胁下，（胁音协，又音吸，左右胁下，胁子骨。）
令人喘逆，其软而散；色泽者，当病溢饮，溢饮者渴暴多饮，而溢入肌皮肠胃之外也。
又曰∶肝脉急甚为恶言，微急为肥气在胁下。
又曰∶肝病胸满胁胀，善恚怒叫呼，身体有热而腹恶寒，四肢不举而目白身清；
（清，冷也。）其脉当弦长而急，今反短涩；其色
当清而反白者，此金克木，十死不治。
又曰∶是动病则腰痛不可以俯仰，丈夫 疝，妇人小腹肿，甚则嗌干，面尘脱色，是主肝。
又曰∶所生病者，胸满呕逆，洞泄狐疝，遣溺癃闭。盛者寸口大一倍于人迎；虚者寸口反小于人迎也。
足厥阴肝引经药歌∶
丑肝龙胆（草）吴（茱萸）山萸（肉），瞿麦阿胶甘草扶，代赭（石）紫（石）英（当）归白术，青皮羌
活蔓荆（子）都。
又曰∶肝实，以白芍药泻之。
又曰∶肝主风。自病则风搐拘急，急食甘以缓之；佐以酸苦，以辛散之。实搐力大，泻青丸。虚搐力小，
地黄丸。
又曰∶心乘肝，实邪状热而搐。
又曰∶肺乘肝，贼邪气盛则前呻呵欠，微搐，法当泻肺。先补木脏肝，地黄丸；后泻肺，泻白散。
又曰∶脾乘肝，微邪多睡体重，搐，先当定搐，泻青丸；搐止，再见后证，则别法治之。
又曰∶肾乘肝，虚邪憎寒，呵欠而搐，羌活膏。
又曰∶凡肝经得病，必先察其肺肾两脏，原其起病，然后更审肝经之虚实。然
肾者，肝之母。金者，木之贼。今肝得病，若非肾水不能相生，必是肺金鬼来相攻，故
须审其来在肺，先治肺，攻其鬼也；其来在肾，滋其根也；方审本脏虚实而用寒温
之剂以治之。若肺克肝，既受病，先诊肺脉，若洪宜杏苏菀桔。
扁鹊曰∶脉长而弦，病出于肝。脉大而洪，病出于心。脉下坚上虚，病出于脾。脉涩而浮，病出于肺。
脉小而紧，病出于肾。
喻嘉言曰∶肝至春月之荣，不自春月始也。始于秋冬收藏之固，设冬月水脏所
储者少，春月木即欲发荣，其如泉竭不足以溉苞穣何？蛰虫尚知闭户，岂君子可无
居室之功耶！
《 言》曰∶肝者，干也，属木，象木枝干也。
《脉经》曰∶春胃微弦，曰平；弦多胃少曰肝病；但弦无胃，曰死；胃而有毛，曰秋病；毛甚，曰今病。
经曰∶风伤筋，燥胜风，酸伤筋，辛胜酸。
又曰∶酸走筋，筋病毋多食酸。
又曰∶多食辛，则筋挛急而爪枯。
又曰∶阴出之阳则怒。
《丹心》曰∶七情伤人，惟怒为甚。盖怒则肝木便克脾土，脾伤则四脏俱伤矣。
（治怒方∶香附、甘草各一两，和研细。每服三钱，白汤调下。）
《延寿书》柳公度曰∶但平生未尝以元气佐喜怒，使气海常温耳。
先贤诗曰∶怒来剧炎火，焚和徒自伤，触来勿与竞，事过心清凉。
《灵枢》曰∶悲哀动中则伤魂。
经曰∶肝虚而肺气并之，则为悲。
又曰∶悲则气消。
子和曰∶肝藏血，血不足则恐。盖肝胆实则怒而勇敢，虚则善恐而不敢也。
《灵枢》曰∶肝气通于目，肝和则能辨五色矣。
经曰∶诸暴强直，皆属于风。
又曰∶诸脉者，皆属于目。
又曰∶诸筋者，皆属于节。
又曰∶故人卧，血归于肝，目受血而能视，足受血而能步，掌受血而能握，指受血而能摄。
《金匮真言论》曰∶春气者，病在头，肝之应也。
《真诰》曰∶眼者，身之镜；耳者，体之牖。视多则镜昏；听众则牖闭。
又曰∶肿胀水肿有十种之分，两胁紧痛为肝水。
经曰∶青如翠羽者生，青如草色者死。
又曰∶实则梦山林大树，虚则梦细草
苔藓。
补∶木瓜、枣仁、阿胶、薏苡仁。
泻∶青皮、柴胡、笠槐队诖缈冢恍檎撸 擞 葱∮诖缈谝病
足少阳胆引经药歌∶
子胆柴胡半夏宜，草龙胆剂更为奇，柴胡又走青皮下，向道功多不必疑。
《灵枢》曰∶胆病者，善太息，口苦，呕有苦汁，心中淡淡，恐如人将捕之，嗌
中 然，数唾。
又曰∶手厥阴之脉，是动则心中淡淡，大动。
经曰∶胆虚则恐畏不能独卧，胆实则怒。
又曰∶胆实则怒而勇敢，胆虚则善恐而不敢也。
《入门》曰∶胆虚则不眠，胆实则多睡。
又曰∶痛闷，左边五肋之中血瘀，生瘿马刀。
又曰∶胆候咽门，故热壅则生疮肿痛。
又曰∶胆病多寒热。
又曰∶胆虚宜仁熟散，胆实宜半夏汤。
又曰∶小柴胡汤治寒热住来，乃少阳经主药也。水煎，澄清温服，则能入胆。
《灵枢》曰∶胆为足少阳，其终者耳聋，百节皆纵，目罘（音轻，直视如惊貌。）绝系，绝系
者一日半死矣。其死也，色先青白，乃死矣。
《脉经》曰∶胆绝七日死。何以知之？眉为之倾。
又曰∶肿胀水肿有十种之分，口苦嗌干为胆水。
补∶木通、龙胆草。
泻∶柴胡、青皮。
温∶半夏、川芎、生姜、陈皮。
凉∶黄连、竹茹。
引经报使∶柴胡本经，川芎上行，青皮下行。
The classics state: The Liver is the official of the General, from which strategies and deliberations emerge.
It is also said: The Liver means "to dry" or "to interfere." Its nature is active rather than quiet, and it tends to invade other zang-fu organs.
It is also said: The Liver is located below the diaphragm, adjacent to the Stomach, and attaches to the ninth thoracic vertebra of the spine.
It is also said: The Liver harmonizes with the sinews, its flourishing manifests in the nails, it primarily houses the Hun (Ethereal Soul), opens into the eyes, its meridians connect upwards to the Heart and Lungs, and downwards it has no distinct orifice.
The Nan Jing states: The Liver weighs four jin and four liang, has three lobes on the left and four on the right, totaling seven lobes.
Hua Borén said: The functional aspect of the Liver is on the left, while the organ itself is located in the left hypochondrium, anterior to the left Kidney, adjacent to the Stomach, and attaching to the ninth thoracic vertebra of the spine.
The classics state: The Foot Jueyin Meridian belongs to the Liver.
It is also said: This meridian has abundant blood but scarce qi.
It is also said: During the Chou hour (1:00 AM - 3:00 AM), qi and blood flow into the Liver.
The Huang Ting Jing states: In the human body's spiritual names, it is called the Liver Spirit, with the courtesy name Longyan, containing brightness.
The Ling Shu states: The eyes are the external indicator of the Liver; people with Liver disease have a bluish complexion.
The classics state: The Liver corresponds to Wind in Heaven, Wood in Earth, and the Liver in Humans. It opens into the eyes, corresponds to Spring in seasons, East in directions, and Green in colors.
The classics state: The East belongs to Wood, which is where all things begin to grow.
It is also said: The Zhen Qi of the Zang organs disperses into the Liver, which stores the qi of the fascia. Water of the Kidneys is the Mother, Fire of the Heart is the Child, and the Gallbladder is the Fu organ. The Liver controls Earth to nourish sinews; thus, prolonged walking damages the sinews.
It governs the storage of the Hun. Its category is grass and trees, its animal is the chicken (or dog), its insect is the hairy one, its fruit is the plum, its vegetable is the leek, its trigram is Zhen (generating number three, completing number eight; or Xun). Its nature is benevolent, it fills the sinews, its glory is in the nails, its grain is wheat (or hemp), it responds to the four seasons, and above it corresponds to the Year Star (Sui Xing); therefore, Spring Qi is in the head.
Its tone is Jue (Ang), meaning touch, symbolizing yang qi moving and generating. Its number is eight, its disease is in the sinews, its odor is musky, its sound is shouting, its change manifests as grasping/clenching, its qi is exhaling, its fluid is tears, its taste is sour. Excess leads to anger, deficiency leads to sorrow. Externally it corresponds to the nails and fingernails; a healthy green should resemble the luster of green jade, not like indigo.
The Ling Shu states: Thick nails indicate a thick Gallbladder. The Liver governs Wind; Wind loves to damage the Liver. Diseases mainly manifest as convulsions due to wind, and chickenpox presents as water blisters. If anger causes qi to reverse, it damages Liver Qi. If dryness qi is excessive, disease occurs. Symptoms include a bluish face, tight sinews, irritability, eye pain, closed eyes, aversion to people, or twitching of both eyes, pulsation at the left of the umbilicus. If the Liver is excess, there is staring, loud crying, yawning, neck stiffness, sudden chest oppression, red eyes, irritability, dizziness, headache radiating to the hypochondrium and lower abdomen. If deficient, there is blurred vision, chest pain, teeth grinding, sighing, muscle contraction and spasms, fear as if being chased. If Liver Qi is exhausted, lips and cheeks turn blue, limbs sweat excessively; death occurs in eight days. A normal pulse in Spring is strong for seventy-two days, wiry, slow, and long. The Spring wiry pulse is straight, fine, weak, and long; the hostile pulse is floating, choppy, and short. A white face is also adverse and critical, with a pulse wiry like a drawn bowstring.
It is also said: Liver Qi generates on the left.
It is also said: The Liver governs Spring, its days are Jia and Yi. The East generates Wind, Wind generates Wood, Wood generates Sour, Sour generates the Liver. The Liver is the Lesser Yang within Yin, connecting with Spring Qi.
The Ling Shu states: The Liver acts as a general, sending signals to monitor the exterior. It desires to be small and solid; observe the size of the eyes.
It is also said: If the Liver is small, the viscera are peaceful, with no hypochondriac disease; if large, it presses on the Stomach and pharynx, causing chest obstruction and hypochondriac pain. If high, it supports the diaphragm, pressing on the ribs, causing Xi Ben disease; if low, it presses on the Stomach, leaving the hypochondrium empty and susceptible to pathogens. If firm, the viscera are peaceful and hard to injure; if brittle, it easily suffers from Xiao Dan disease and injury. If upright, harmony prevails and it is hard to injure; if tilted, there is hypochondriac pain.
It is also said: Falling or trauma leaves evil blood inside; great anger causes qi to rise and not descend, accumulating under the ribs and damaging the Liver.
It is also said: Evil in the Liver causes pain in the middle of both hypochondria, cold in the interior, and evil blood inside.
It is also said: Great anger with reversed qi damages the Liver.
It is also said: The Liver stores Blood, and Blood houses the Hun. Liver Qi deficiency leads to fear; excess causes pain in the hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen and irritability. Deficiency causes blurred vision, deafness, fear, and a sensation of being chased.
The Nan Jing states: Anger with reversed qi rising and not descending damages the Liver. It is also said: External signs include cleanliness, bluish face, and irritability; internal signs include pulsation at the left of the umbilicus, hard and painful upon pressure. Diseases include fullness and closure of limbs, dysuria, difficult defecation, and tendon cramps. Having these indicates Liver disease; lacking them indicates otherwise.
The Nei Jing states: Liver disease causes pain in the hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen and irritability. Transmission from Lung to Liver is named Gan Dan (Liver Jaundice), also known as Jue, with hypochondriac pain and vomiting food. Liver heat causes a dark complexion and withered nails.
It is also said: The Liver stores Blood; excess blood leads to anger, deficiency leads to fear.
It is also said: When the large bones are withered and large muscles sunken, chest qi is full, abdominal pain, heart discomfort, shoulder/neck/body heat, muscle wasting, sunken eye sockets, and true Zang pulse appear, death occurs immediately if the person cannot see others, or at the time of their overcoming element (Geng/Xin days) if they can see others. (Note: This describes the storage of the Liver. The time of overcoming refers to Geng/Xin days.)
The Ru Men states: When humans move, blood circulates through the meridians; when still, blood returns to the Liver, as the Liver governs the Sea of Blood.
The classics state: Disease in the Liver heals in [missing text], does not heal in Summer, worsens in Autumn, stabilizes in Winter, and rises in Spring.
It is also said: Liver disease heals on Bing/Ding days; if not healed, it worsens on Geng/Xin days; if not dead, stabilizes on Ren/Gui days, and rises on Jia/Yi days.
It is also said: Liver disease patients are clear-headed in the morning, worse in the late afternoon, and quiet at midnight.
It is also said: The Liver suffers from urgency; eat sweet flavors to relax it, such as Gan Cao (Licorice Root). Suitable foods include Jing Mi (Rice), Niu Rou (Beef), Zao (Jujube), and Kui Cai (Mallow). (Note: Liver suffering from urgency indicates excess qi. The Liver desires dispersion; eat pungent flavors to disperse it, such as Chuan Xiong. For Liver deficiency, use Sheng Jiang and Chen Pi to tonify.)
Signs of Liver Exhaustion.
The Ling Shu states: When Foot Jueyin Qi exhausts, Sinews exhaust. Jueyin is the Liver Meridian. The Liver harmonizes with sinews. Sinews gather at the genitalia and connect to the root of the tongue. Thus, if meridians do not nourish, sinews become tight, pulling the tongue and testicles. Blue lips, curled tongue, and retracted testicles indicate sinews dying first; worsening on Geng day, death on Xin day.
It is also said: At the end of Jueyin, there is internal heat, dry throat, frequent urination, severe irritability, leading to curled tongue and retracted testicles before death.
Zhang Zhongjing said: Reversed blue color of lips and mouth, limb twitching (extension/flexion), and sweating indicate Liver Exhaustion.
The Mai Jing states: Liver Exhaustion leads to death in eight days. How is this known? Bluish face, desire to lie prone sleeping, inability to see people, and continuous sweating like water.
Anger causing blood movement belongs to the Liver.
Hematemesis reversing up from both hypochondria belongs to the Liver.
Blood spitting into a water bowl, sinking to the bottom, indicates the Liver.
The classics state: The Abdomen is Yin, Yang within Yin, which is the Liver. The Liver is a Male Organ (Mu Zang); Male implies Yang.
It is also said: The knee is the mansion of sinews. Inability to flex and extend indicates impending sinew exhaustion.
It is also said: All wind diseases with tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver.
Tai Yi Zhen Ren said: Do not be angry; nurture Liver Qi.
The classics state: The emotion of the Liver is Anger; Anger damages the Liver, Sorrow overcomes Anger.
Dan Xi said: Anger damages the Liver; overcome it with Worry (or Sorrow), resolve it with Fear.
The Ling Shu states: Two essences interacting is called Shen (Spirit); following Shen and coming and going is called Hun.
The classics state: Violent anger damages Yin.
It is also said: Great anger causes separation of form and qi, with blood stagnating upward, causing Bo Jue (sudden fainting/collapse).
It is also said: Blood congregates upward, Qi congregates downward, causing heart vexation and irritability.
It is also said: Anger causes Qi to ascend.
It is also said: Anger causes Qi reversal, severely leading to hematemesis and undigested stool diarrhea.
(Note: Anger causes Yang Qi to reverse upward, and Liver Wood attacks Spleen, hence hematemesis and undigested stool diarrhea.)
The classics state: The Liver is the root of endurance and the residence of the Hun.
It is also said: Liver is green like Wood; Liver sinks in water, while Wood floats. Why? Liver is not pure Wood, but Yi Jue, the softness of Geng. Discussing macro Yin and Yang, or micro husband and wife, releasing slight Yang and absorbing slight Yin Qi, its intent is joyful. Metal moves via Yin path mostly, causing Liver to sink in water. Cooked Liver floats again, knowing Yi should return to Jia.
It is also said: Wood prospers in Spring, is相 (Xiang) in Winter,废 (Fei) in Summer,囚 (Qiu) in Late Summer, dies in Autumn. Prosperous days are Jia/Yi, prosperous time is dawn/sunrise. Confined days are Wu/Ji, confined time is noon. Dead days are Geng/Xin, dead time is dusk/sunset. (Bu sounds like Bu, Shen hour.)
It is also said: Disease onset with fright and horror.
It is also said: Wind Qi connects to the Liver.
It is also said: Essence and Qi congregating in the Liver causes sorrow.
It is also said: The Liver dislikes Wind.
It is also said: Prolonged walking damages sinews, labor damages the Liver.
It is also said: To damage the Liver, relax its center.
It is also said: Liver Shu point is beside the ninth thoracic vertebra; Mu point is Qimen under the nipple.
It is also said: Liver Heat Disease shows redness on the left cheek first.
It is also said: Liver Qi deficiency causes fear, excess causes anger.
It is also said: Liver Heat Disease starts with yellow urine, abdominal pain, lethargy, body heat. Heat struggle causes delirium and惊 (fright), hypochondriac fullness/pain, restlessness of hands/feet, inability to sleep. Worsens on Geng/Xin, heavy sweat on Jia/Yi. Qi reversal leads to death on Geng/Xin. Needle Foot Jueyin and Shaoyang.
It is also said: Evil in Liver causes hypochondriac pain, cold interior, evil blood inside,易狂 (yi kuang, madness), joint/elbow swelling. (Ji sounds like Ji, madness.)
It is also said: Liver distension causes hypochondriac fullness and pain radiating to the lower abdomen.
It is also said: Liver Water causes abdominal enlargement, inability to turn sideways, pain in hypochondria/abdomen, occasional saliva production, continuous urination.
It is also said: Liver Zhuo (stagnation) makes patients want to tread on their chest. Initially, they only desire hot drinks. (Zhuo is the original disease. Ruo Shi refers to the time of illness.)
It is also said: Liver Malaria causes a pale/greenish face, deep sighing, appearance like death. Needle Foot Jueyin until blood appears.
It is also said: Spleen transmitting Cold to Liver causes abscesses and tendon spasms.
It is also said: Spleen transmitting Heat to Liver causes fright and epistaxis.
It is also said: Liver Cough presents with hypochondriac pain during coughing, severe inability to turn, turning causes hypochondriac fullness.
It is also said: Liver Wind presents with sweating, aversion to wind, sadness, slightly greenish face, dry throat, irritability, aversion to women. Diagnosis at the lower eye area, color is green.
It is also said: Liver Bi presents with night frights, polydipsia, frequent urination, upward牵引 (traction) of lower abdomen, resembling pregnancy.
It is also said: Liver disease mainly involves chest wheezing, cursing/shouting, deep pulse, chest obstruction, desire for pushing/massage, heat upon pressure, nasal congestion. (Tui means to push/scrape.)
It is also said: Any fall or trauma leaves evil blood inside. Great anger causes qi to rise and not descend, accumulating in the left hypochondrium damaging the Liver. Liver injury causes muscle wasting, insomnia, desire to open mouth, cyanosis of hands/feet, closed eyes, pupil pain.
It is also said: Liver Qi deficiency dreams of gardens with flowers/grass; excess dreams of anger. Jue Qi invading Liver dreams of mountains/forests/trees.
It is also said: Liver pulse firm and long without greenish face indicates falling injury; if pulse due to blood in hypochondrium (Xie sounds like Xie, another sound Xi, left/right hypochondrium, costal cartilage), causing wheezing/reversal. Soft and scattered pulse with good color indicates Yi Yin (overflowing drink); Yi Yin involves thirst, sudden excessive drinking, overflow into skin/muscles/intestines/stomach.
It is also said: Liver pulse extremely urgent indicates harsh words; slightly urgent indicates Fei Qi (Fat Qi) in hypochondrium.
It is also said: Liver disease involves chest fullness, hypochondriac distension, irritability, shouting, body heat with abdominal cold, immobility of limbs, white eyes, clear/cold body. (Qing means cold.) Pulse should be wiry, long, and urgent, but is now short and choppy. Color should be clear but is white; this is Metal overcoming Wood, ten deaths, untreatable.
It is also said: Jing-Wire disease involves lower back pain preventing bending/straightening, men's hernia, women's lower abdominal swelling, severe throat dryness, dusty complexion, loss of color. This is governed by the Liver.
It is also said: Diseases generated involve chest fullness, vomiting/reversal, loose diarrhea, fox hernia, enuresis, strangury. Excess: Cun Kou pulse is double Ren Ying. Deficiency: Cun Kou pulse is smaller than Ren Ying.
Foot Jueyin Liver Channel Guiding Herb Song:
Chou Hour Liver: Long Dan Cao (Gentian Root), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit), Shan Yu Rou (Cornus Fruit), Qu Mai (Dianthus Herb), E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) support; Dai Zhe Shi (Magnetite), Zi Shi Ying (Hematite), Dang Gui (Angelica Root), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Qing Pi (Citrus Unripe Peel), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Man Jing Zi (Viburnum Fruit) all.
It is also said: Liver Excess, use Bai Shao Yao (White Peony Root) to drain.
It is also said: Liver governs Wind. Self-disease causes wind convulsions and spasms; urgently eat sweet to relax; assist with sour/bitter, disperse with pungent. Strong convulsions (Excess): Xie Qing Wan. Weak convulsions (Deficiency): Di Huang Wan.
It is also said: Heart overcoming Liver, excess pathogen with heat and convulsions.
It is also said: Lung overcoming Liver, hostile pathogen excess causes groaning/yawning, slight convulsions. Method: Drain Lung. First tonify Wood/Liver with Di Huang Wan; then drain Lung with Xie Bai San.
It is also said: Spleen overcoming Liver, mild pathogen causes sleepiness, heavy body, convulsions. First stabilize convulsions with Xie Qing Wan; after stopping, treat subsequent symptoms differently.
It is also said: Kidney overcoming Liver, deficient pathogen causes chills, yawning, convulsions. Use Qiang Huo Gao.
It is also said: Whenever Liver channel disease occurs, first inspect Lung and Kidney, trace origin, then examine Liver excess/deficiency. Kidney is Mother of Liver. Metal is Thief of Wood. Liver disease, if not due to Kidney Water failing to generate, must be Lung Metal attacking. Determine if source is Lung, treat Lung first to attack thief; if source is Kidney, nourish root. Then examine Zang excess/deficiency and use cold/warm agents. If Lung overcomes Liver and is diseased, first diagnose Lung pulse. If surging, use Xing Su Wan Ju.
Bian Que said: Long and wiry pulse, disease originates from Liver. Large and surging pulse, disease originates from Heart. Firm below, empty above, disease originates from Spleen. Choppy and floating pulse, disease originates from Lung. Small and tight pulse, disease originates from Kidney.
Yu Jiayan said: Liver's prosperity in Spring does not start in Spring. It starts from the solidity of Autumn/Winter storage. If Winter Water Zang stores little, Spring Wood wants to flourish, but how can a dried spring irrigate shoots? Hibernating insects know to close doors; how can a gentleman lack the merit of housing?
Yan says: Liver means "dry," belongs to Wood, resembles tree branches.
Mai Jing says: Spring Stomach slightly wiry is Ping (Normal); Wiry more, Stomach less is Liver Disease; Only wiry, no Stomach is Death; Stomach present with Mao (Metal) pulse indicates Autumn disease; Mao severe indicates current disease.
Classics state: Wind damages sinews, Dryness overcomes Wind, Sour damages sinews, Pungent overcomes Sour.
It is also said: Sour enters sinews; for sinew disease, do not eat much sour.
It is also said: Eating much pungent causes tendon spasms and withered nails.
It is also said: Yin emerging to Yang causes anger.
Dan Xin says: Seven Emotions harming humans, Anger is most severe. Anger causes Liver Wood to overcome Spleen Earth; Spleen injury harms all four Zang.
(Recipe for Anger: Xiang Fu, Gan Cao each 1 liang, grind fine. Take 3 qian each time, mixed with white soup.)
Yan Shou Shu, Liu Gongdu said: I never used Yuan Qi to aid joy or anger, keeping Qi Hai warm.
Ancient poem said: Anger comes like fierce fire, burning harmony harms self. When touched, do not compete; after event, heart cools.
Ling Shu said: Sorrow moving internally damages Hun.
Classics state: Liver deficiency with Lung Qi combining causes sorrow.
It is also said: Sorrow consumes Qi.
Zi He said: Liver stores Blood; Blood deficiency causes fear. Liver/Gallbladder excess is anger and courage; deficiency is fear and timidity.
Ling Shu said: Liver Qi connects to eyes; Liver harmonious allows distinguishing five colors.
Classics state: All sudden stiffness belongs to Wind.
It is also said: All vessels belong to the eyes.
It is also said: All sinews belong to joints.
It is also said: When humans lie down, blood returns to Liver. Eyes receive blood to see, feet to walk, palms to grasp, fingers to hold.
Jin Gui Zhen Yan Lun says: Spring Qi disease is in the head, response of Liver.
Zhen Gao says: Eyes are the mirror of the body; ears are the windows of the physique. Much viewing dims the mirror; much listening closes the window.
It is also said: Swelling/Edema has ten types; tight pain in hypochondria is Liver Water.
Classics state: Green like kingfisher feathers indicates life; green like grass color indicates death.
It is also said: Excess dreams of mountains/forests/big trees; deficiency dreams of fine grass/moss.
Tonify: Mu Gua, Zao Ren, E Jiao, Yi Yi Ren.
Drain: Qing Pi, Chai Hu... (Text garbled here, likely referring to Chai Hu, Qing Pi based on context).
Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Channel Guiding Herb Song:
Zi Hour Gallbladder: Chai Hu, Ban Xia suitable; Cao Long Dan agent is more miraculous. Chai Hu also goes to Qing Pi sub-layer, Dao Gong many, no need to doubt.
Ling Shu said: Gallbladder disease involves frequent sighing, bitter taste, vomiting bitter juice, heart emptiness, fear as if being chased, throat obstruction, frequent spitting.
It is also said: Hand Jueyin pulse movement causes heart emptiness, large movement.
Classics state: Gallbladder deficiency causes fear, inability to sleep alone; excess causes anger.
It is also said: Gallbladder excess is anger and courage; deficiency is fear and timidity.
Ru Men said: Gallbladder deficiency causes insomnia; excess causes hypersomnia.
It is also said: Pain/oppression, blood stasis in left five ribs, produces Ying/Ma Dao (goiter/scrofula).
It is also said: Gallbladder guards the throat gate; heat obstruction causes sores/swelling/pain.
It is also said: Gallbladder disease often involves alternating cold and heat.
It is also said: Gallbladder deficiency suitable for Ren Shu San; excess suitable for Ban Xia Tang.
It is also said: Xiao Chai Hu Tang treats alternating cold/heat, main medicine for Shaoyang channel. Decoct in water, filter, take warm, enters Gallbladder.
Ling Shu said: Gallbladder is Foot Shaoyang. End stage: deafness, all joints flaccid, eyes staring fixedly (Fu), meridian connection severed. Severed connection dies in one and a half days. Death color is first blue-white.
Mai Jing said: Gallbladder exhaustion dies in seven days. How known? Eyebrows tilt.
It is also said: Swelling/Edema ten types; bitter taste/dry throat is Gallbladder Water.
Tonify: Mu Tong, Long Dan Cao.
Drain: Chai Hu, Qing Pi.
Warm: Ban Xia, Chuan Xiong, Sheng Jiang, Chen Pi.
Cool: Huang Lian, Zhu Ru.
Guiding/Reporting Messenger: Chai Hu (Channel specific), Chuan Xiong (Ascends), Qing Pi (Descends).